tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-68380293975065348522024-02-06T21:55:14.931-08:00soal rpp materi belajar KimiaSoal Kimia, Materi Kimia, Soal UN Kimia, RPP KimiaUnknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger172125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6838029397506534852.post-84205184140415298172015-02-12T15:51:00.001-08:002015-02-12T15:51:24.412-08:00materi belajar kimia kelas xi<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<img alt="Hasil gambar untuk kimia" 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" /></div>
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berikut materi kimia yang bisa sobat download ,,,semoga bisa bermanfaat bagi sobat sekalian......</div>
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1. <a href="https://kimiaindah.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/struktur-atom.pdf" style="border: 0px; color: #2869d6; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">STRUKTUR ATOM </a></div>
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2. <a href="https://kimiaindah.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/ba-molekul.pptx" style="border: 0px; color: #2869d6; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">BA molekul</a></div>
<div style="background-color: #ccddfa; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Bitstream Charter', serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 23.7999992370605px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
3. <a href="https://kimiaindah.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/bahan-ajar-kd-struktur-atom.ppt" style="border: 0px; color: #2869d6; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">bahan ajar KD struktur atom</a></div>
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4. <a href="https://kimiaindah.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/gaya-intra-antar-molekul.ppt" style="border: 0px; color: #2869d6; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Gaya Intra antar molekul</a></div>
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<a href="https://kimiaindah.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/teori-atom-mekanika-kuantum-dan-sistem-periodik.pdf" style="border: 0px; color: #2869d6; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">2. TEORI ATOM MEKANIKA KUANTUM</a></div>
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3. <a href="https://kimiaindah.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/ikatan-kimia.ppt" style="border: 0px; color: #2869d6; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">iKATAN kIMIA</a></div>
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4.<a href="https://kimiaindah.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/asam-basa.doc" style="border: 0px; color: #2869d6; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">asam basa</a></div>
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<a href="https://kimiaindah.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/teori-atom-mekanika-kuantum-dan-sistem-periodik.pdf" style="border: 0px; color: #2869d6; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: #ccddfa; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Bitstream Charter', serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 23.7999992370605px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="https://kimiaindah.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/teori-atom-mekanika-kuantum-dan-sistem-periodik.pdf" style="border: 0px; color: #2869d6; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">3.</a><a href="https://kimiaindah.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/teori-domain-dan-gaya-antar-molekul1.pdf" style="border: 0px; color: #2869d6; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">TEORI DOMAIN DAN GAYA ANTAR MOLEKUL</a></div>
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4. <a href="https://kimiaindah.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/hibridisasi.ppt" style="border: 0px; color: #2869d6; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">HIBRIDISASI</a></div>
<div style="background-color: #ccddfa; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Bitstream Charter', serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 23.7999992370605px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
5<a href="https://kimiaindah.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/teori-domain-dan-gaya-antar-molekul1.pdf" style="border: 0px; color: #2869d6; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">TEORI DOMAIN DAN GAYA ANTAR MOLEKUL</a></div>
<div style="background-color: #ccddfa; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Bitstream Charter', serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 23.7999992370605px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
6<a href="https://kimiaindah.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/teori-atom-mekanika-kuantum-dan-sistem-periodik.pdf" style="border: 0px; color: #2869d6; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">TEORI ATOM MEKANIKA KUANTUM DAN SISTEM PERIODIK</a></div>
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5. <a href="https://kimiaindah.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/ikatan-kimia.ppt" style="border: 0px; color: #2869d6; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">IKATAN KIMIA</a></div>
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6<a href="https://kimiaindah.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/struktur-atom.pdf" style="border: 0px; color: #2869d6; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">STRUKTUR ATOM</a></div>
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7 <a href="https://kimiaindah.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/chapter_6_thermochemistry.ppt" style="border: 0px; color: #2869d6; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Chapter_6_Thermochemistry</a></div>
<div style="background-color: #ccddfa; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Bitstream Charter', serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 23.7999992370605px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
8. <a href="https://kimiaindah.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/termokimia.ppt" style="border: 0px; color: #2869d6; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">TERMOKIMIA</a></div>
<div style="background-color: #ccddfa; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Bitstream Charter', serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 23.7999992370605px; margin-bottom: 1.7em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
9. <a href="https://kimiaindah.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/soal-soal-termokimia.doc" style="border: 0px; color: #2869d6; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">soal soal termokimia</a></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6838029397506534852.post-44191415761281172902014-06-16T23:14:00.001-07:002014-06-16T23:14:13.384-07:00soal pedagogik OSNG kimia 2014<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Jawablah Soal Uraian <a href="http://rpp-soal-kimia.blogspot.com/2014/06/soal-pedagogik-osng-kimia-2014.html" target="_blank">Pedagogik berikut </a>(10 Soal) <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dalam
proses pembelajaraan Kimia, khususnya ketika guru mengaitkan materi pelajaran
dengan kebutuhan hidup sehari-hari maka guru telah berupaya agar pembelajaran
memungkinkan bagi guru untuk mengidentifikasi minat siswa terhadap …. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Jawab: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Pekerjaan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dalam
proses pembelajaran tentang kompetensi dasar: ‘mengidentifikasi sifat asam basa
pada sabun dan cuka dengan kertas lakmus’, guru tampak dapat mengidentifikasi
siswa yang selalu bertanya dan mampu membuat laporan tentang apa saja yang
diminatinya dengan sangat baik. Berdasarkan uraian di atas, dapat dikatakan
bahwa guru dapat mengidentifikasi minat siswa terhadap … </span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Jawab: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Kesehatan <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Apa yang anda ketahui
berkenaan dengan konsep pendekatan <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">scientific</i>
untuk pembelajaran Kimia?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Jawab:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Materi pembelajaran berbasis pada fakta atau fenomena
kimia yang dapat dijelaskan dengan logika atau penalaran tertentu; bukan
sebatas kira-kira, khayalan, legenda, atau dongeng semata.</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Penjelasan guru, respon siswa, dan interaksi edukatif
guru-siswa terbebas dari prasangka yang serta-merta, pemikiran subjektif, atau
penalaran yang menyimpang dari alur berpikir logis.</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-indent: -1.0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Mendorong dan menginspirasi siswa berpikir secara
kritis, analistis, dan tepat dalam mengidentifikasi, memahami, memecahkan
masalah, dan mengaplikasikan materi pembelajaran</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-indent: -1.0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Mendorong dan menginspirasi siswa mampu berpikir
hipotetik dalam melihat perbedaan, kesamaan, dan tautan satu sama lain dari
materi pembelajaran.</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-indent: -1.0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Mendorong dan menginspirasi siswa mampu memahami,
menerapkan, dan mengembangkan pola berpikir yang rasional dan objektif dalam
merespon materi pembelajaran.</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-indent: -1.0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Berbasis pada konsep, teori, dan fakta empiris yang
dapat dipertanggungjawabkan.</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-indent: -1.0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">g.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Tujuan pembelajaran dirumuskan secara sederhana dan
jelas, namun menarik sistem penyajiannya. </span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Hasil Akhir Kurikulum 2013 menekankan pada dimensi
pedagogik modern dalam pembelajaran, yaitu menggunakan pendekatan ilmiah
meliputi ...... </span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Jawab: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Mengamati, menanya, menalar, mencoba, membentuk jejaring
untuk mata pelajaran</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">.</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mj-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Apa d</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: +mj-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">efinisi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> Penilaianau</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">tentik,</span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> Assessment</span></i><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">dan istilah<i> autentik?</i></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Jawab: </span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -1.0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Penilaianau</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">tentik</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> (<i>Authentic Assessment</i>)</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> adalah
pengukuran yangbermakna secara signifikan atas hasil belajar peserta didik
untuk ranah sikap, keterampilan, dan pengetahuan.</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -1.0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Istilah </span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Assessment</span></i><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> merupakan sinonim dari penilaian, pengukuran,
pengujian, atau evaluasi.</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -1.0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Istilah </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">au</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">tentik merupakan sinonim dari<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>asli, nyata, valid, atau reliabel. </span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -1.0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Secara konseptual </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">penilaianau</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">tentik lebih
bermakna secara signifikan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dibandingkan
dengan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>tes pilihan ganda terstandar
sekali pun.</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -1.0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Ketika menerapkan </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">penilaianau</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">tentik untuk
mengetahui hasil dan prestasi belajar peserta didik, guru menerapkan kriteria
yang berkaitan dengan konstruksi pengetahuan, aktivitas mengamati dan mencoba,
dan nilai prestasi luar sekolah. </span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 5.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo8; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-indent: -1.0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">P</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">ada pembelajaran </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">au</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">tentik, guru harus menjadi
“guru </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">au</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">tentik.”
Peran guru bukan hanya pada proses pembelajaran, melainkan juga pada penilaian.
Untuk bisa melaksanakan pembelajaran </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">au</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">tentik, guru harus memenuhi kriteria tertentu:</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 5.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-indent: -1.0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 5.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-indent: -1.0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Jawab: </span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-indent: -1.0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Mengetahui</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> bagaimana menilai kekuatan </span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">dan kelemahan
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">peserta didik </span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">serta
desain pembelajaran</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">.</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-indent: -1.0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Mengetahui </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">bagaimana </span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">cara </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">membimbing peserta didik untuk </span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">mengembangkan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> pengetahuan mereka sebelumnya
dengan cara mengajukan pertanyaan dan menyediakan sumber daya </span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">memadai</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> bagi peserta didik untuk </span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">melakukan
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">akuisisi pengetahuan.</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-indent: -1.0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">M</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">enjadi pengasuh proses </span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">pembelajaran,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> melihat informasi baru</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> dan mengasimilasikan
pemahaman </span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">peserta didik</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">.</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-indent: -1.0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">M</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">enjadi kreatif tentang bagaimana </span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">proses
belajar </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">peserta didik dapat diperluas </span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">dengan
menimba pengalaman dari</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> dunia </span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">di </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">luar tembok sekolah. </span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: +mj-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Tuliskan </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: +mj-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Jenis-jenis Penilaian Autentik</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: +mj-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">!</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Jawab: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-indent: -1.0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Penilaian Kinerja</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-indent: -1.0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Penilaian Proyek</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-indent: -1.0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Penilaian Portofolio</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Penilaian Tertulis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Tuliskan </span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mj-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Komponen RPP</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: +mj-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>sesuai
dengan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Standar Proses No 65 Th 2013<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mj-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Jawab: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 90%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -1.0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 90%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 90%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Identitas Sekolah</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 90%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 90%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -1.0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 90%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 90%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Identitas mata pelajaran</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 90%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 90%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -1.0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 90%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 90%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Kelas/ semester</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 90%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 90%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -1.0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 90%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 90%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Materi Pokok</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 90%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 90%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -1.0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 90%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 90%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Alokasi Waktu </span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 90%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 90%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -1.0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 90%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 90%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Tujuan pembelajaran</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 90%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 90%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -1.0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span lang="SV" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 90%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 90%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Kompetensi dasar dan </span><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td height="178" style="border: .25pt solid black; vertical-align: top;" width="238"><span style="left: 0pt; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; z-index: 251664384;">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<div class="shape" style="padding: 3.85pt 7.45pt 3.85pt 7.45pt;" v:shape="TextBox_x0020_4">
<div style="line-height: 90%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 36.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt; text-indent: -36.7pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 90%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 90%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">KD<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>- KI 1</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 90%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 90%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 36.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt; text-indent: -36.7pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 90%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>KD – KI 2</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 90%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 90%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 36.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt; text-indent: -36.7pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 90%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>KD – KI 3</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 90%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 90%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 100.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt; text-indent: -22.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 90%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Indikator
.....</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 90%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 90%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 100.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt; text-indent: -22.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 90%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Indikator
....</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 90%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 90%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 100.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt; text-indent: -64.8pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 90%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">KD –
KI 4</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 90%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 90%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 100.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt; text-indent: -22.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 90%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Indikator...</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 90%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 90%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 100.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt; text-indent: -22.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 90%; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Indikator
...</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 90%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</span> </td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</span><span lang="SV" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 90%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Indikator Pencapaian Kompetensi <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 90%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-indent: -1.0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 90%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-indent: -1.0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 90%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-indent: -1.0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 90%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-indent: -1.0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 90%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-indent: -1.0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 90%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-indent: -1.0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 90%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-indent: -1.0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 90%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-indent: -1.0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 90%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 3.0pt; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-indent: -1.0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 90%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo3; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -1.0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 90%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 90%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Materi Pembelajaran </span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 90%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 90%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo3; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -1.0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 90%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 90%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Alokasi waktu</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 90%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 90%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo3; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -1.0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 90%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 90%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Metode pembelajaran</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 90%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 90%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo3; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -1.0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 90%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">11.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 90%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Media Pembelajaran </span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 90%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 90%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo3; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -1.0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 90%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">12.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 90%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Sumber belajar</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 90%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 90%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo3; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -1.0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 90%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">13.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 90%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Langkah-langkah Pembelajaran </span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 90%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 90%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo3; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-indent: -1.0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 90%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">14.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 90%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Penilaian hasil Pembelajaran</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 90%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: +mj-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Apa yang anda ketahui tentang
definisi Model <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pembelajaran Penemuan
(Discovery Learning)?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0cm; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-no-proof: yes;">Jawab:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="a">
<li class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="color: windowtext; line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo9; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Metode
<i>Discovery Learning</i></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">adalah</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> teori belajar </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">yang </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">didefinisikan sebagai </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">proses pem</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">belaja</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">ran</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> yang terjadi bila pelajar tidak disajikan
dengan pelajaran dalam bentuk finalnya, tetapi diharapkan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> siswa</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> mengorganisasi sendiri. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="color: windowtext; line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo9; punctuation-wrap: simple; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">S</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">ebagai strategi belajar</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">, </span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Discovery Learning</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;"> mempunyai prinsip yang sama dengan inkuiri
<i>(inquiry</i>) dan <i>Problem Solving</i>. Tidak ada perbedaan yang
prinsipil pada ketiga istilah ini, pada <i>Discovery Learning</i> lebih
menekankan pada ditemukannya konsep atau prinsip yang sebelumnya tidak
diketahui. Perbedaannya dengan discovery ialah bahwa pada discovery
masalah yang diperhadapkan kepada siswa semacam masalah yang direkayasa
oleh guru</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: windowtext; line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Dalam
mengaplikasikan metode <i>Discovery Learning</i> guru berperan sebagai
pembimbing dengan memberikan kesempatan kepada siswa untuk belajar secara
aktif, sebagaimana pendapat guru harus dapat membimbing dan mengarahkan
kegiatan belajar siswa sesuai dengan tujuan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">.
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kondisi seperti ini ingin merubah kegiatan
belajar mengajar yang <i>teacher oriented </i>menjadi <i>student oriented.
</i></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: windowtext; line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Dalam Discovery Learning,</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">hendaknya guru harus memberikan
kesempatan muridnya untuk menjadi seorang <i>problem solver</i>, seorang
scientis, historin, atau ahli matematika. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">B</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">ahan ajar tidak
disajikan dalam bentuk akhir, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">tetapi
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">siswa dituntut
untuk melakukan berbagai kegiatan menghimpun informasi, membandingkan,
mengkategorikan, menganalisis, mengintegrasikan, mereorganisasikan bahan
serta membuat kesimpulan-kesimpulan. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: -1.0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Apa yang anda ketahui<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>tentang Model Pembelajaran Berbasis masalah
(Problem Based Learning)?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Jawab:
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-right: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pembelajaran berbasis masalah merupakan
sebuah pendekatan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">
pembelajaran yang menyajikan masalah kontekstual sehingga merangsang peserta
didik untuk belajar. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ol start="2" style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="a">
<li class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="color: windowtext; line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo10; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Dalam kelas yang menerapkan pembelajaran
berbasis masalah, peserta didik bekerja dalam tim untuk memecahkan masalah
dunia nyata (<i>real world</i>) </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="color: windowtext; line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-line-break-override: restrictions; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo10; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt;">Dengan PBL akan terjadi pembelajaran
bermakna. Peserta didik/mahapeserta didik yang belajar memecahkan suatu
masalah maka mereka akan menerapkan pengetahuan yang dimilikinya atau
berusaha mengetahui pengetahuan yang diperlukan. Belajar dapat semakin
bermakna dan dapat diperluas ketika peserta didik/mahapeserta didik
berhadapan dengan situasi di mana konsep diterapkan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: windowtext; line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Dalam situasi PBL, peserta
didik/mahapeserta didik mengintegrasikan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan
secara simultan dan mengaplikasikannya dalam konteks yang relevan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: windowtext; line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">PBL dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir
kritis, menumbuhkan inisiatif peserta didik/mahapeserta didik dalam
bekerja, motivasi internal untuk belajar, dan dapat mengembangkan hubungan
interpersonal dalam bekerja kelompok.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6838029397506534852.post-22779498515733440612014-06-16T23:07:00.003-07:002014-06-16T23:07:05.884-07:00petunjuk OSN Guru Kimia 2014<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">OLIMPIADE SAIN NASIONAL (OSN) GURU
SMA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2014<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; text-align: center; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; text-align: center; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Mata Pelajaran</span><span lang="FR" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">
Kimia<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<u><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Soal Teori <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><o:p></o:p></i></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric;">
<span lang="SV" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Petunjuk<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 21.3pt list 36.0pt; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span lang="SV" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Tulis</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">kan</span><span lang="SV" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> data Anda dengan lengkap</span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">, </span><span lang="SV" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">dengan huruf cetak dan </span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">tidak </span><span lang="SV" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">disingkat !<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 21.3pt list 36.0pt; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span lang="SV" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Soal teori terdiri atas </span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">40</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"> nomor </span><span lang="SV" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 21.3pt list 36.0pt; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span lang="SV" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="PT-BR" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Berhati-hatilah dalam menjawab. </span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Masing-masing soal memiliki bobot yang berbeda.</span><span lang="SV" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 21.3pt list 36.0pt; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span lang="SV" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Waktu yang disediakan: </span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">100 menit</span><span lang="SV" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 21.3pt list 36.0pt; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span lang="SV" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Semua jawaban harus ditulis di lembar
jawaban yang tersedia.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 21.3pt list 36.0pt; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span lang="SV" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Diperkenankan menggunakan kalkulator.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 21.3pt list 36.0pt; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span lang="SV" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Anda dapat mulai bekerja bila sudah ada
tanda mulai dari pengawas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 21.3pt list 36.0pt; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span lang="SV" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Anda harus segera berhenti bekerja bila
ada tanda berhenti dari pengawas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 21.3pt list 36.0pt; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span lang="SV" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS Mincho";">Letakkan jawaban anda di meja dan segera
meninggalkan ruangan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 6.0pt 0cm 6.0pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 568px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 6.0pt 0cm 6.0pt; width: 190.3pt;" width="254">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Konstanta fisika, Simbol dan Faktor Konversi<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 6.0pt 0cm 6.0pt; width: 235.55pt;" width="314">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Singkatan, Simbol dan Rumus<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 6.0pt 0cm 6.0pt; width: 190.3pt;" width="254">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Konstanta Avogadro, <i>N</i>A =
6.0221.10<sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 5.5pt; position: relative; top: -5.5pt;">23
</span></sup>mol <sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 5.5pt; position: relative; top: -5.5pt;">–1 </span></sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 6.0pt 0cm 6.0pt; width: 115.05pt;" width="153">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Jumlah zat<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>n</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 6.0pt 0cm 6.0pt; width: 120.5pt;" width="161">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Molar,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>M<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 6.0pt 0cm 6.0pt; width: 190.3pt;" width="254">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Konstanta Boltzmann, <i>k</i>B =
1.3807.10 <sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 5.5pt; position: relative; top: -5.5pt;">–23
</span></sup>J.K <sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 5.5pt; position: relative; top: -5.5pt;">–1 </span></sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 6.0pt 0cm 6.0pt; width: 115.05pt;" width="153">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Amper,<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 6.0pt 0cm 6.0pt; width: 120.5pt;" width="161">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Temperatur, K <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>T<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 6.0pt 0cm 6.0pt; width: 190.3pt;" width="254">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Konstanta gas Universal gas, <i>R =
</i>8.3145 J.K <sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 5.5pt; position: relative; top: -5.5pt;">–1 </span></sup>∙mol <sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 5.5pt; position: relative; top: -5.5pt;">–1 </span></sup><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">=
</span>0.08205 atm.L.K <sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 5.5pt; position: relative; top: -5.5pt;">–1 </span></sup>.mol <sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 5.5pt; position: relative; top: -5.5pt;">–1</span></sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 6.0pt 0cm 6.0pt; width: 115.05pt;" width="153">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Atmosfir<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>atm<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 6.0pt 0cm 6.0pt; width: 120.5pt;" width="161">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Waktu, <span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>t<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 6.0pt 0cm 6.0pt; width: 190.3pt;" width="254">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kecepatan cahaya, <i>c= </i>2.9979.10<sup>8</sup>
m.s<sup>–1</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 6.0pt 0cm 6.0pt; width: 115.05pt;" width="153">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Unit masa atom,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>u<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 6.0pt 0cm 6.0pt; width: 120.5pt;" width="161">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Volt, <span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 6.0pt 0cm 6.0pt; width: 190.3pt;" width="254">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Konstanta Planck, <i>h = </i>6.6261∙10
<sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 5.5pt; position: relative; top: -5.5pt;">–34 </span></sup>J.s<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 6.0pt 0cm 6.0pt; width: 115.05pt;" width="153">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Masa atom molar,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 6.0pt 0cm 6.0pt; width: 120.5pt;" width="161">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Volume,<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">V</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 6.0pt 0cm 6.0pt; width: 190.3pt;" width="254">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Masa elektron, <i>me </i>=
9.10938215∙10 <sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 5.5pt; position: relative; top: -5.5pt;">–31 </span></sup>kg<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 6.0pt 0cm 6.0pt; width: 115.05pt;" width="153">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Temperatur Celcius, <sup>o</sup>C<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 6.0pt 0cm 6.0pt; width: 120.5pt;" width="161">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 6.0pt 0cm 6.0pt; width: 190.3pt;" width="254">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tekanan standar, <i>P </i>= 1 bar =
10<sup>5</sup> Pa<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 6.0pt 0cm 6.0pt; width: 115.05pt;" width="153">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Coulomb,<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>C<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 6.0pt 0cm 6.0pt; width: 120.5pt;" width="161">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-text-raise: -12.0pt; position: relative; top: 12.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75"
coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe"
filled="f" stroked="f">
<v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/>
<v:formulas>
<v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/>
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<v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"/>
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<o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/>
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<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="39" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.png" v:shapes="_x0000_i1025" width="110" /><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.DSMT4" ShapeID="_x0000_i1025"
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</xml><![endif]--></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 6.0pt 0cm 6.0pt; width: 190.3pt;" width="254">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Tekanan Atmosfir, <i>P</i>atm =
1,01325.10<sup>5</sup>Pa = 760 mmHg = 760 Torr<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 6.0pt 0cm 6.0pt; width: 115.05pt;" width="153">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Enthalphi,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>H<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 6.0pt 0cm 6.0pt; width: 120.5pt;" width="161">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-text-raise: -14.0pt; position: relative; top: 14.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1026"
type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:108pt;height:27.75pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="37" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.png" v:shapes="_x0000_i1026" width="144" /><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.DSMT4" ShapeID="_x0000_i1026"
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</xml><![endif]--></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 6.0pt 0cm 6.0pt; width: 190.3pt;" width="254">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Skala nol Celsius scale, 273.15 K<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 6.0pt 0cm 6.0pt; width: 115.05pt;" width="153">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Entropi,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>S<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 6.0pt 0cm 6.0pt; width: 120.5pt;" width="161">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-text-raise: -16.0pt; position: relative; top: 16.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1027"
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o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="43" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image006.png" v:shapes="_x0000_i1027" width="131" /><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</xml><![endif]--></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 6.0pt 0cm 6.0pt; width: 190.3pt;" width="254">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1 nanometer (<i>nm</i>) <i>= </i>10
<sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 5.5pt; position: relative; top: -5.5pt;">–9</span></sup>m
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 6.0pt 0cm 6.0pt; width: 115.05pt;" width="153">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Konstanta Kesetimbangan,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>H<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 6.0pt 0cm 6.0pt; width: 120.5pt;" width="161">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">PV= nRT<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td style="border-bottom: none; border-left: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 6.0pt 0cm 6.0pt; width: 190.3pt;" width="254">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1 pikometer (<i>pm</i>) = 10 <sup><span style="mso-text-raise: 5.5pt; position: relative; top: -5.5pt;">–12 </span></sup>m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 6.0pt 0cm 6.0pt; width: 115.05pt;" width="153">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Energi bebas,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>G<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 6.0pt 0cm 6.0pt; width: 120.5pt;" width="161">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 12; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 6.0pt 0cm 6.0pt; width: 190.3pt;" width="254">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1 Faraday (F) = 96500 C.mol<sup>–1</sup>
=96500 J.V<sup>–1</sup>.mol<sup>–1</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 6.0pt 0cm 6.0pt; width: 115.05pt;" width="153">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Molal,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>m<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 6.0pt 0cm 6.0pt; width: 120.5pt;" width="161">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-right: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6838029397506534852.post-74804976285015364382014-05-31T13:28:00.000-07:002014-05-31T13:28:22.698-07:00Analisis kation golongan III, IV, dan V<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="http://rpp-soal-kimia.blogspot.com/2014/05/analisis-kation-golongan-iii-iv-dan-v.html" target="_blank"><img border="0" height="166" src="http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQmBpcNTMJydyPLK-AXjsHtzUeuEoDmeU4WYU3VmHzPl2BmN3nYvWZjHg" width="200" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://rpp-soal-kimia.blogspot.com/2014/05/analisis-kation-golongan-iii-iv-dan-v.html" target="_blank"></a>Analisis kation golongan III, IV, dan V. Kation golongan III meliputi Co<sup>2+</sup>, Al<sup>3+</sup>, Cr<sup>3+</sup>, Fe<sup>2+</sup>, Fe<sup>3+</sup>, Mn<sup>2+</sup>, Ni<sup>2+</sup>, dan Zn<sup>2+</sup>. Kation golongan ini tidak membentuk endapan dengan klorida dan tiak membentuk endapan dengan hidrogen sulfida pada suasana asam (HCl 0,3 M). Namun demikian kation golongan III akan membentuk endapan sulfida atau hidroksida pada suasana netral atau amoniakal (NH<sub>4</sub>OH). Pengendapan sulfida antara golongan II dan III hanya dibedakan oleh suasana larutan.</div>
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Kation golongan IV terdiri dari kation Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Sr<sup>2+</sup>, dan Ba<sup>2+</sup>. Kation ini tidak membentuk endapan dengan klorida, tidak membentuk endapan dengan hidrogen sulfida pada suasana asam (HCl 0,3 M), suasana netral maupun basa amoniakal. Namun kation golongan IV ini dapat membentuk endapan dengan pereaksi amonium karbonat pada suasana amonium klorida (netral atau tidak begitu asam).</div>
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Kation golongan V terdiri atas K<sup>+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, dan NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>. Kation golongan V tidak mebentuk endapan dengan pereaksi-pereaksi untuk golongan I-IV sehingga mereka tetap dalam bentuk larutan. Oleh karena itu kation golongan ni disebut golongan sisa</div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6838029397506534852.post-796932019082422014-05-31T13:17:00.002-07:002014-05-31T13:17:28.941-07:00Analisis Anion 1 dan 2<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;">Analisis anion 1. Yang termasuk anion 1 yaitu karbonat (CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup>), sianida (CN<sup>-</sup>) bromida (Br<sup>-</sup>), klorida (Cl<sup>-</sup>), tiosianat (CNS<sup>-</sup>), dan oksalat (C<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>). Anion karbonat dan sianida merupakan anion yang melepaskan gas jika ditambahkan asam klorida atau asam sulfat encer. Klorida, bromida, iodida, dan tiosianat merupakan anion yang melepaskan gas jika ditambah asam sulfat pekat.</span></div>
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Hampir semua karbonat tidak larut dalam air, kecuali karbonat alkali dan amonium. Dengan asam klorida encer dapat memberikan gas karbondioksida beberntuk gelembung tidak berwarna. Adanya gas karbondioksida dapat diidentifikasi dengan mengalirkan gas pada kapur atau perak nitrat yang keduanya dapat membentuk kekeruhan.</div>
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Hanya sianida dari golongan alkali dan alkali tanah saja yang larut dalam air. Merkuri sianida larut dalam air, tetapi merupakan elektrolit lemah dan tidak terionisasi. Sianida dengan asam klorida encer dapat memberikan gas hidrogen sianida yang berbahaya. Adanya gas hidrogen sianida dapat dideteksi dengan kertas saring yang dibasahi dengan feriklorida dan HCl membentuk warna merah kompleks.</div>
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Hampir semua klorida larut dalam air. Beberapa klorida larut dalam air. Beberapa klorida yang tidaklarut dalam air yaitu Hg(I), Ag dan Pb. Hampir semua bromida larut dalam air. Beberapa bromida yang tidak larut dalam air yaitu Hg(I), Ag, Cu(I) dan Pb. Hampir semua iodida larut dalam air. Beberapa iodida yang tak larut dalam air adalah Hg(I), Ag, Cu(I) dan Pb</div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;">Analisis anion 2 atau bisa disebut juga uji anion golongan II dengan reaksi pengendapan. Sulfit, tiosulfat, dan sulfida jika ditambahkan asam klorida atau asam sulfat encer akan menghasilkan gas. Sulfat dan fosfat dapat meberikan reaksi pengendapan. Hampir semua sulfit tidak larut dalam air, kecuali sulfit alkali dan amonium. Sulfit dengan asam klorida encer dapat memberikan gas belerang dioksida yang berbentuk gelembung tidak berwarna. Adanya gas belerang dioksida dapat diidentifikasi dengan mengalirkan gas pada larutan dikromat atau barium klorida, atau bau spesifik yang keras.</span></div>
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Hampir semua tiosulfat larut dalam air. Beberapa tiosulfat dari Pb, Ag dan Ba larut sebagian dalam air. Kebanyakan endapan tiosulfat larut dalam kelebihan pereaksi membentuk kompleks. Hampir semua sulfida tidak larut dalam air, kecuali asamnya, sulfida sulfida amonium dan alkali tanah. Hampir semua nitrat larut dalam air, kecuali perak nitrit yang larut sebagian.</div>
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Hampir semua nitrat larut dalam air. Bismut dan merkuri pada pengenceran akan memberikan endapan yang bersifat basa tetapi dengan penambahan asam nitrat akan larut kembali. Garam sulfat pada umumnya larut dalam air. Sulfat yang tidak larut yaitu barium dan stronsium, sedangkan kadmium dan merkuri (II) larut sebagian.</div>
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Peroksodisulfat yang larut dalam air yaitu natrium, kalium, amonium, dan barium. Garam fosfat bisa terdapat dalam 3 jenis yaitu ortofosfat, pirofosfat, dan metafosfat. Fosfat logam alkali kecuali litium dan amonium larut dalam air. Fosfat lainnya pada umumnya tidak larut atau larut sebagian dalam air.</div>
</span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6838029397506534852.post-43451386783918822632013-12-29T23:17:00.001-08:002013-12-29T23:17:24.972-08:00Soal ulangan Struktur Atom dan SPU<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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table.MsoTableMediumShading1Accent2LastCol
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<![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext="edit" spidmax="1028"/>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 80.45pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">ULANGAN
HARIAN</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pilihlah
jawaban yang tepat</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pernyataan
yang benar berkaitan dengan atom adalah.....</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Jumlah
proton dalam atom netral lebih banyak dari pada jumlah elektron</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Atom-atom dengan jumlah
neutron sama di sebut isobar</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Atom
terdiri atas inti atom yang dikelilingi elektron yang tersebar di dalam inti</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Inti atom yang tersusun
atas proton dan elektron</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Atom-atom
sejenis yang mempunyai jumlah proton sama dapat membentuk isotop</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Gagasan
utama yang dikembangkan oleh teori atom Niels Bohr adalah gagasan tentang.....</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Inti
atom</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Nomor atom </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Gejala
isotop</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Partikel subatom</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Tingkat-tingkat
energi dalam atom</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Diberikan
partikel-partikel atom sebagai berikut....</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Proton</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Neutron</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Elektron</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Nukleus</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Nukleon
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 80.45pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Inti
atom terdiri atas....</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 107.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">1
dan 2</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 107.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2
dan 3</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 107.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">3
dan 4</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 107.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">3
dan 5</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 107.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">4
dan 5</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Antara
atom </span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -5.5pt; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">dan
</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -5.5pt; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>mempunyai persamaan .....</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Jumlah
proton</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Jumlah elektron</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Jumlah
neutron</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Nomor atom</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Nomor
massa</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Atom
natrium mempunyai nomor massa 23 dan nomor atom 11. Atom ini mempunyai......</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">11
neutron</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> 11 proton</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">12
elektron</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">23 neutron</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">23
elektron</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Semua
isorop dari suatu unsur mempunyai persamaan dalam hal....</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Jumlah
proton</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Jumlah neutron</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Jumlah
nukleus</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Jumlah proton dan neutron</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Jumlah
elektron dan neutron</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 80.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Salah
satu ion yang mempunyai elektron sama dengan elektron dalam ion yang mempunyai
nomor atom 10 adalah.....</span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableMediumShading1Accent2" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-border-alt: solid #CF7B79 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-themetint: 191; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: -1;">
<td style="background: #C0504D; border-right: none; border: solid #CF7B79 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-themetint: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 19.7pt;" valign="top" width="26">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 5; tab-stops: 80.45pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #C0504D; border-bottom: solid #CF7B79 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid #CF7B79 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; tab-stops: 80.45pt;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: background1;">Nomor Atom</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #C0504D; border-left: none; border: solid #CF7B79 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-themetint: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.7pt;" valign="top" width="76">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; tab-stops: 80.45pt;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: background1;">Ion </span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #CF7B79 1.0pt; border-left: solid #CF7B79 1.0pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #CF7B79 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 19.7pt;" valign="top" width="26">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; tab-stops: 80.45pt;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">a.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; tab-stops: 80.45pt;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">b. </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; tab-stops: 80.45pt;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">c.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; tab-stops: 80.45pt;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">d.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; tab-stops: 80.45pt;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">e.</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #CF7B79 1.0pt; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #CF7B79 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; tab-stops: 80.45pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">3</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; tab-stops: 80.45pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">11</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; tab-stops: 80.45pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">15</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; tab-stops: 80.45pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">17</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; tab-stops: 80.45pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">19</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #CF7B79 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #CF7B79 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-bottom-themetint: 191; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themetint: 191; mso-border-top-alt: solid #CF7B79 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-themetint: 191; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.7pt;" valign="top" width="76">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; tab-stops: 80.45pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Litium</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; tab-stops: 80.45pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Natrium</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; tab-stops: 80.45pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Fosfor</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; tab-stops: 80.45pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Klor</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; tab-stops: 80.45pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">kalium</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 80.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Perhatikan
gambar teori atom berikut !</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 80.45pt;">
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Yang
menunjukan teori atom Bohr adalah......</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">I</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo29; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">II</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo29; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">III</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo29; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">IV</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo29; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">V</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pernyataan
yang benartentang atom netral adalah...</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Jumlah
Proton = Jumlah elektron</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Jumlah proton = jumlah
neutron</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Jumlah
neutron = jumlah elektron</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Jumlah neutron = jumlah
proton + elektron</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Jumlah
proton = jumlah neutron + elektron</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pernyataan
yang benar tentan neutron adalah...</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Terletak
didalam inti bersama-sama elektron</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Merupakan partikel yang
khas dari suatu atom</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Merupakan
salah satu faktor peentu jumlah nukleon</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Menyebabkan muatan
didalam inti</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Menyebabkan
atom bermuatan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">11.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Suatu
atom unsur mempunyai 28 proton, 28 elektron, dan 31 neutron. Unsur yang
dimaksud adalah........</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -5.5pt; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.</span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -5.5pt; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -5.5pt; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.</span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -5.5pt; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -5.5pt; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">12.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pasangan
unsur-unsur dibawah ini yang termasuk isoton adalah....</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -5.5pt; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dengan </span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -5.5pt; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.</span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -5.5pt; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dengan </span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -5.5pt; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -5.5pt; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dengan </span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -5.5pt; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.</span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -5.5pt; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dengan </span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -5.5pt; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -5.5pt; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dengan </span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -5.5pt; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">13.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Untuk
ion </span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -5.5pt; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;">
</span><sup><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">3+</span></sup><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> berarti bahwa dalam inti
atom terdapat ......</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">21
elektron</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">24 elektron</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">28
elektron</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">25 proton</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">52
elektron</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 80.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">14.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Diketahui
isotop </span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -5.5pt; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">,
ion Fe<sup>3+</sup> mempunyai..</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">26
elektron disekitar inti</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">29 proton didalam inti</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">29
elektron didalam inti</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">23 elektron diisekitar
inti</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">56
elektron didalam inti</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">15.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pasangan
atom manakah yang mempunyai jumlah neutron berbeda?</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -5.5pt; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dan </span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -5.5pt; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.</span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -5.5pt; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dan </span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -5.5pt; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -5.5pt; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dan </span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -5.5pt; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.</span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -5.5pt; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dan </span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -5.5pt; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -5.5pt; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dan </span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -5.5pt; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 80.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">16.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Lambang
salah satu isotop uranium adalah </span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -5.5pt; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">.
Berapa banyak neutron, proton, dan elektron yang terdapat<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dalam satu atom isotop ini ?</span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableLightGridAccent2" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 60.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: -1;">
<td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 2.25pt; border: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 19.7pt;" valign="top" width="26">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 5; tab-stops: 80.45pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 105.25pt;" valign="top" width="140">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; tab-stops: 80.45pt;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Jumlah neutron</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 106.35pt;" valign="top" width="142">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; tab-stops: 80.45pt;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Jumlah proton</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.2pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; tab-stops: 80.45pt;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Jumlah elektron</span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-top: none; border: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 19.7pt;" valign="top" width="26">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; tab-stops: 80.45pt;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">a.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; tab-stops: 80.45pt;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">b.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; tab-stops: 80.45pt;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">c.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; tab-stops: 80.45pt;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">d.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; tab-stops: 80.45pt;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">e.</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 105.25pt;" valign="top" width="140">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; tab-stops: 80.45pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">92</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; tab-stops: 80.45pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">92</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; tab-stops: 80.45pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">141</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; tab-stops: 80.45pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">141</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; tab-stops: 80.45pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">233</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 106.35pt;" valign="top" width="142">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; tab-stops: 80.45pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">92</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; tab-stops: 80.45pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">141</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; tab-stops: 80.45pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">92</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; tab-stops: 80.45pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">92</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; tab-stops: 80.45pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">141</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.2pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; tab-stops: 80.45pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">141</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; tab-stops: 80.45pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">141</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; tab-stops: 80.45pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">92</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; tab-stops: 80.45pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">141</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; tab-stops: 80.45pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">92</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 89.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 80.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">17.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Storonsium
digunakan sebagai kembang api yang menghasilkan nyala merah bata. Storonsium di
alam terdiri atas tiga isotop dengan kelimpahan sebagai berikut....</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 80.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -5.5pt; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(10%);</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -5.5pt; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(7%); </span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -5.5pt; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(83%)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 53.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 80.45pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Masa
atom relatif dari unsur stronsium sebesar....</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">38,0</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">87,0</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">87,8</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">88,0</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 71.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: 80.45pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">88,9</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">18.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Apakah
muatan relatif pada proton, neutron, dan elektron?</span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableMediumShading2Accent2" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 53.85pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext 2.25pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 2.25pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: -1;">
<td style="background: #C0504D; border-bottom: solid windowtext 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 2.25pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 19.7pt;" valign="top" width="26">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 517;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #C0504D; border-bottom: solid windowtext 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 2.25pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.7pt;" valign="top" width="76">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: background1;">Proton</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #C0504D; border-bottom: solid windowtext 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 2.25pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 92.15pt;" valign="top" width="123">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: background1;">Neutron</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #C0504D; border-bottom: solid windowtext 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 2.25pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: background1;">Elektron</span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: #C0504D; border-bottom: solid windowtext 2.25pt; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 19.7pt;" valign="top" width="26">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: background1;">a.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: background1;">b.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: background1;">c.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: background1;">d</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: background1;">e.</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D8D8D8; border-bottom: solid windowtext 2.25pt; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 216; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.7pt;" valign="top" width="76">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">+1</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">-1</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">-1</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">+1</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">-1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D8D8D8; border-bottom: solid windowtext 2.25pt; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 216; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 92.15pt;" valign="top" width="123">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">0</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">+1</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">0</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">-1</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">+1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D8D8D8; border-bottom: solid windowtext 2.25pt; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 216; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">-1</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">+1</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">+1</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">-1</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">-1</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">19.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hubungan antara nomor atom/ion dan jumlah
elektron valensi yang benar adalah....</span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableMediumShading2Accent2" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 53.85pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext 2.25pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 2.25pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: -1;">
<td style="background: #C0504D; border-bottom: solid windowtext 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 2.25pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 19.7pt;" valign="top" width="26">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 517;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #C0504D; border-bottom: solid windowtext 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 2.25pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.7pt;" valign="top" width="76">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: background1;">Tanda
atom</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #C0504D; border-bottom: solid windowtext 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 2.25pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 92.15pt;" valign="top" width="123">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: background1;">Nomor
atom</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #C0504D; border-bottom: solid windowtext 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 2.25pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: background1;">Jumlah
elektron valensi</span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: #C0504D; border-bottom: solid windowtext 2.25pt; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 19.7pt;" valign="top" width="26">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: background1;">a.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: background1;">b.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: background1;">c.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: background1;">d</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: background1;">e.</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D8D8D8; border-bottom: solid windowtext 2.25pt; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 216; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.7pt;" valign="top" width="76">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Mg</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Mg<sup>2+</sup></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Ar</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">N</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">N<sup>3-</sup></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D8D8D8; border-bottom: solid windowtext 2.25pt; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 216; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 92.15pt;" valign="top" width="123">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">12</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">12</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">18</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">7</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">7</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D8D8D8; border-bottom: solid windowtext 2.25pt; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 216; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">8</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">6</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">3</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">8</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">20.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Suatu
atom dengan nomor massa 65, didalam intinya terdapat 35 neutron. Konfigurasi
elektronnya adalah.....</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 74.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo18; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2.8.5</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 74.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo18; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2.8.8.2</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 74.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo18; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2.8.18.2</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 74.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo18; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2.8.18.3</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 74.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo18; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2.8.18.6</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">21.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Perhatikan
gambar struktur atom berikut!</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 56.7pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pernyataan yang sesuai dengan gambar struktur atom
diatas adalah...</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 74.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo19; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Jumlah
proton sebesar 15</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 74.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo19; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Nomor
massa atom sebanyak 13</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 74.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo19; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Atom
tersebut merupakan atom litium</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 74.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo19; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Atom
tersebut memiliki 3 elektron valensi</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 74.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo19; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Jumlah
neutron sama dengan jumlah elektron</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">22.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Manakah
pernyataan berikut yang menyatakan muatan elektron yang dimiliki dalam suatu
unsur?</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 74.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Tidak
bermuatan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 74.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Bermuatan
netral</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 74.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Bermuatan
paling besar</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 74.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Bermuatan
positif</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 74.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo20; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Bermuatan
negatif</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">23.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Jumlah
elektron yang terdapat pada kulit terluar dari atom unsur dengan nomor massa 80
dan mempunyai 45 neutron adalah.....</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 74.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo21; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 74.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo21; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">3</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 74.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo21; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">4</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 74.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo21; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">5</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 74.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo21; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">7</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">24.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Perhatikan
atom-atom berikut. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo22; text-indent: 13.65pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -5.5pt; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo22; text-indent: 13.65pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -5.5pt; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo22; text-indent: 13.65pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -5.5pt; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo22; text-indent: 13.65pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -5.5pt; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo22; text-indent: 13.65pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -5.5pt; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Atom-atom
yang dapat membentuk isotop adalah....</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo23; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">1
dan 2</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo23; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">1
dan 3</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo23; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">1
dan 5</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo23; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">3
dan 4</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo23; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">4
dan 5</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">25.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Suatu
unsur Y mempunyai dua isotop <sub>42</sub>Y dan <sub>44</sub>Y. Jika massa atom
relatifnya sebesar 43,7 maka perbandingan persentase kedua isotop tersebut
dialam adalah.....</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 74.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo24; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">10
: 90</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 74.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo24; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">15
: 85</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 74.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo24; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">25
: 75</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 74.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo24; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">50
: 50</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 74.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo24; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">60
: 40</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">26.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Manakah
diantara atom-atom berikut yang memiliki jumlah neutron lebih sedikit
dibandingkan jumlah proton dalam intinya?</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo25; text-indent: -10.95pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -5.5pt; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo25; text-indent: -10.95pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -5.5pt; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo25; text-indent: -10.95pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -5.5pt; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo25; text-indent: -10.95pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -5.5pt; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 67.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo25; text-indent: -10.95pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -5.5pt; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">27.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Diketahui
empat atom dengan ciri-ciri sebagai berikut.</span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableMediumShading2Accent2" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 53.85pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext 2.25pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 2.25pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: -1;">
<td style="background: #C0504D; border-bottom: solid windowtext 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 2.25pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 37.1pt;" valign="top" width="49">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 517;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 517;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: background1;">Atom
</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #C0504D; border-bottom: solid windowtext 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 2.25pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 84.55pt;" valign="top" width="113">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: background1;">Nomor<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Atom</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #C0504D; border-bottom: solid windowtext 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 2.25pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.3pt;" valign="top" width="86">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: background1;">Nomor Massa </span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #C0504D; border-bottom: solid windowtext 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 2.25pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: background1;">Jumlah elektron </span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: #C0504D; border-bottom: solid windowtext 2.25pt; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 37.1pt;" valign="top" width="49">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: background1;">R</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: background1;">S</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: background1;">T</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: background1;">U</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D8D8D8; border-bottom: solid windowtext 2.25pt; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 216; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 84.55pt;" valign="top" width="113">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">11</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">11</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">17</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">17</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D8D8D8; border-bottom: solid windowtext 2.25pt; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 216; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.3pt;" valign="top" width="86">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">23</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">23</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">35</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">37</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D8D8D8; border-bottom: solid windowtext 2.25pt; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 216; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">10</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">11</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">17</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">17</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pernyataan
yang tepat berdasarkan tabel tersebut....</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 74.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo26; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">R
dan S merupakan isotop</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 74.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo26; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">R
dan T mempunyai jumlah neutron yang sama</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 74.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo26; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">T
dan U mempunyai jumlah neutron yang sama</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 74.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo26; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">T
dan U merupakan isotop</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 74.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo26; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">S
dan T merupakan Isobar</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">28.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Jumlah
elektron dalam sebuah atom sama dengan jumlah......</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 74.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo28; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Ion
dalam atom</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 74.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo28; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Nomor
Massa</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 74.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo28; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Proton
dalam atom</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 74.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo28; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Neutron
dalam atom</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 74.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo28; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Partikel
dalam atom</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">29.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Struktur
dari lima atom ditunjukan dalam tabel berikut.</span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableMediumShading2Accent2" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 53.85pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext 2.25pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 2.25pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: -1;">
<td style="background: #C0504D; border-bottom: solid windowtext 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 2.25pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 37.1pt;" valign="top" width="49">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 517;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 517;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: background1;">Atom
</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #C0504D; border-bottom: solid windowtext 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 2.25pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 84.55pt;" valign="top" width="113">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: background1;">Jumlah Neutron</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #C0504D; border-bottom: solid windowtext 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 2.25pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.3pt;" valign="top" width="86">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: background1;">Jumlah Elektron </span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #C0504D; border-bottom: solid windowtext 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 2.25pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: background1;">Jumlah Proton </span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: #C0504D; border-bottom: solid windowtext 2.25pt; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 37.1pt;" valign="top" width="49">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: background1;">P</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: background1;">Q</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: background1;">R</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: background1;">S</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: background1;">T</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D8D8D8; border-bottom: solid windowtext 2.25pt; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 216; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 84.55pt;" valign="top" width="113">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">16</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">16</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">17</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">17</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">18</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D8D8D8; border-bottom: solid windowtext 2.25pt; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 216; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.3pt;" valign="top" width="86">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">15</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">16</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">15</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">17</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">16</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D8D8D8; border-bottom: solid windowtext 2.25pt; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 216; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">15</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">16</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">15</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">17</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">16</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Manakah yang
merupakan isotop ?</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>1<sup>st</sup>pair<span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span>2<sup>nd</sup>pair</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Pasangan pertama<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>pasangan kedua<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 74.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo27; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">P
dan R<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>R dan T</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 74.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo27; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">P
dan S<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>Q dan R</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 74.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo27; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">P
dan T <span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>R dan S</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 74.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo27; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">P
dan R<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>Q dan T</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 74.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo27; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">P
dan Q<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>R dan S</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">30.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Tabel
berikut menunjukan jumlah proton, neutron, dan elektron dalam 5 ion. Manakah
data yang sesuai dengan ion?</span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableMediumShading2Accent2" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 53.85pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext 2.25pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 2.25pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: -1;">
<td style="background: #C0504D; border-bottom: solid windowtext 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 2.25pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 37.1pt;" valign="top" width="49">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 517;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #C0504D; border-bottom: solid windowtext 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 2.25pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 84.55pt;" valign="top" width="113">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: background1;">Ion</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #C0504D; border-bottom: solid windowtext 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 2.25pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 84.55pt;" valign="top" width="113">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: background1;">Proton</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #C0504D; border-bottom: solid windowtext 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 2.25pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.3pt;" valign="top" width="86">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: background1;">neutron</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #C0504D; border-bottom: solid windowtext 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid windowtext 2.25pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: background1;">elektron</span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: #C0504D; border-bottom: solid windowtext 2.25pt; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 37.1pt;" valign="top" width="49">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: background1;">a.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: background1;">b.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: background1;">c.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: background1;">d.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="color: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-themecolor: background1;">e</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D8D8D8; border-bottom: solid windowtext 2.25pt; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 216; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 84.55pt;" valign="top" width="113">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 22.45pt; margin-right: 8.75pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -5.5pt; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;">
</span><sup><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2+</span></sup><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 22.45pt; margin-right: 8.75pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 22.45pt; margin-right: 8.75pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -5.5pt; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;">
</span><sup><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">-</span></sup></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -5.5pt; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;">
</span><sup><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">2-</span></sup><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -5.5pt; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;">
</span><sup><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">+</span></sup><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -5.5pt; position: relative; top: 5.5pt;">
</span><sup><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">+</span></sup><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D8D8D8; border-bottom: solid windowtext 2.25pt; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 216; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 84.55pt;" valign="top" width="113">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">20</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">9</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">8</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">11</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">1</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D8D8D8; border-bottom: solid windowtext 2.25pt; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 216; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.3pt;" valign="top" width="86">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">20</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">10</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">8</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">12</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #D8D8D8; border-bottom: solid windowtext 2.25pt; border: none; mso-background-themecolor: background1; mso-background-themeshade: 216; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 70.85pt;" valign="top" width="94">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">20</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">8</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">12</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">10</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">1</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6838029397506534852.post-1293034526152489972013-12-27T12:57:00.000-08:002013-12-27T12:57:01.823-08:00soal kimia kelas xi<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div class="Section1">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">SOAL KIMIA <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">KELAS : XI IPA<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoHeading8">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11.0pt;">PETUNJUK UMUM<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 45.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 45.0pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Tulis
nomor dan nama Anda pada lembar jawaban yang disediakan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 45.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 45.0pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Periksa
dan bacalah soal dengan teliti sebelum Anda bekerja<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 45.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 45.0pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Kerjakanlah
soal anda pada lembar jawaban<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 45.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 45.0pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Gunakan
waktu dengan efektif dan efisien<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 45.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 45.0pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Periksalah pekerjaan
anda sebelum diserahkan kepada Pengawas</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: SV;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<!--[if gte vml 1]><o:wrapblock><v:line
id="_x0000_s1026" style='position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left;z-index:251657728'
from="0,14.35pt" to="531pt,14.35pt" strokeweight="2.25pt"/>
<![endif]--><span style="height: 21px; left: -2px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: relative; top: 17px; width: 712px; z-index: 251657728;"><img height="4" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_s1026" width="712" /></span><!--[if gte vml 1]></o:wrapblock><![endif]--><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Pernyataan yang benar tentang model atom mekanika kuantum adalah … .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Atom adalah partikel terkecil dari zat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Atom terdiri dari inti atom dan elektron<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Atom merupakan bola pejal yang bermuatan positif dikelilingi elektron
negatif<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">elektron dan atom dipandang sebagai partikel dari gelombang<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Inti atom bermuatan positif yang terdiri dari proton dan neutron
dikelilingi elektron negatif<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Jumlah elektron maksimum dalam sub kulit d adalah … .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">6<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">10<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">14<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Nomor atom Al = 13, maka kulit valensi dari atom unsur Al adalah … .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">3s<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">3s dan 3p<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">3s dan 3d<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">3p dan 3d <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">3p<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Nomor atom unsur K = 19. Konfigurasi elektron ion K<sup>+</sup> adalah
… .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup> 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup>
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup> 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup>
4s<sup>1</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup> 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup>
4s<sup>2</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup> 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup>
4s<sup>2</sup> 3d<sup>1</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup> 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>5</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Konfigurasi elektron yang benar untuk unsur X dengan nomor atom 33
adalah … .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup> 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup>
3d<sup>10</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup> 4p<sup>1</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup> 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup>
3d<sup>10</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup> 4p<sup>3</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup> 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup>
3d<sup>10</sup> 4s<sup>1</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup> 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup>
3d<sup>10</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup> 4p<sup>6</sup> 3d<sup>1</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup> 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup>
3d<sup>10</sup> 4p<sup>5</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Atom suatu unsur mempunyai konfigurasi elektron:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2, 8, 5.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Bilangan kuantum elektron terakhir dari atom tersebut adalah … .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">n = 3<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>l = 0<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>m = 0<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>s
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</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">n = 3<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>l = 0<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>m = 0<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>s
= -<span style="mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:9.75pt;height:18pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="24" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1025" width="13" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1025"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446036969">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">n = 3<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>l = 1<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>m = -1<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>s
= +<span style="mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1026" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:9.75pt;height:18pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="24" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1026" width="13" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1026"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446036971">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">n = 3<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>l = 1<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>m = 0<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>s
= -<span style="mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1027" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:9.75pt;height:18pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="24" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1027" width="13" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1027"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446036972">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">n = 3<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>l = 1<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>m = +1<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>s
= +<span style="mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1028" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:9.75pt;height:18pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="24" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1028" width="13" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1028"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446036973">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Pasangan unsur-unsur di bawah ini yang memiliki elektron valensi sama
adalah … .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">4 Be dan 10 Ne<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">3 Li dan 13 Al<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">12 Mg dan 20 Ca<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">9 F dan 19 K<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">11 Na dan 21 Sc<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Konfigurasi elektron unsur X adalah :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup> 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup>
4s<sup>2</sup> 3d<sup>10</sup> 4p<sup>4</sup></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Dalam sistem
periodik unsur, X terletak pada ... <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">golongan IVA periode 4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">golongan VIA periode 4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">golongan IVB periode 4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">golongan IVB periode 4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">golongan VIIIA periode 4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Diketahui :<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>nomor atom unsur P =
17<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">nomor atom unsur Q = 21<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Dalam sistem periodik unsur P dan Q berturut-turut terdapat pada blok…
.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">s dan p<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">p dan s<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">s dan d<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">d dan p<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">p dan d<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Diketahui konfigurasi elektron unsur berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">P : 1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>1<o:p></o:p></sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Q : 1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>3<o:p></o:p></sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">R : 1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>5<o:p></o:p></sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">S : 1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup> 3s<sup>2</sup> <sup><o:p></o:p></sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">T : 1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup> 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup>
3d<sup>10</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup> 4p<sup>3<o:p></o:p></sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Pasangan
unsur yang terletak dalam satu golongan adalah … .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">P dan Q<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">P dan R<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Q dan S<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Q dan T<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">R dan T<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">11.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Diketahui konfigurasi elektron :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">X : 1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>1<o:p></o:p></sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Y : 1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>3<o:p></o:p></sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Z : 1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>3<o:p></o:p></sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">R : 1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup> 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup>
4s<sup>2</sup> 3d<sup>6<o:p></o:p></sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">S : 1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup> 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>6</sup>
4s<sup>1</sup> 3d<sup>10<o:p></o:p></sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Unsur
yang tergolong logam adalah … .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">X dan Y<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">X dan Z<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Y dan Z<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Z dan R<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">R dan S<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">12.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Pasangan unsur berikut dalam sistem periodik unsur letaknya diagonal …
.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><sub><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">3</span></sub><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Li dan <sub>4</sub>Be<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><sub><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">11</span></sub><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Na dan <sub>19</sub>K<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><sub><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">6</span></sub><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">C dan <sub>7</sub>N<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><sub><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">7</span></sub><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">N dan <sub>15</sub>P<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><sub><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">13</span></sub><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Al dan <sub>32</sub>Ge<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">13.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Pasangan senyawa berikut yang memiliki ikatan kovalen adalah … .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">NaCl dan HCl<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Na<sub>2</sub>O dan H<sub>2</sub>O<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">H<sub>2</sub>S dan H<sub>2</sub>O<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">K<sub>2</sub>O dan KCl<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">NaCl dan KCl<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">14.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Jika atom pusat dinyatakan dengan X, domain elektron ikatan dengan Y
dan domain elektron bebas dengan E, maka molekul berikut yang memiliki tipe XY<sub>4</sub>
adalah … .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">CO<sub>2</sub><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">H<sub>2</sub>O<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">NH<sub>3</sub><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">CH<sub>4</sub><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">SO<sub>2</sub><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">15.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Molekul atau senyawa yang antar molekulnya dapat membentuk ikatan Van
der waals adalah … .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">H<sub>2</sub>O<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">NH<sub>3</sub><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">CH<sub>4</sub><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">NaCl<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">CH<sub>3</sub> – OH<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in 62.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">16.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Diketahui <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Mr HCl=36,5 dan
momen dipol =1,08<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; tab-stops: .25in 62.65pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Mr HI=128 dan momen dipol =0,38<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Berdasar data tersebut dapat disimpulkan … .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">HI lebih polar dibanding HCl<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Ikatan hidrogen HI lebih kuat dibanding HCl<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Sifat asam HCl lebih kuat dibanding HI<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">titik didih HI lebih tinggi dibanding HCl<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Ikatan van der waals HCl lebih kuat dibanding HI<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">17.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Senyawa berikut yang dapat membentuk ikatan hidrogen adalah … .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">CH<sub>3 </sub>– O - CH<sub>3</sub><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">CH<sub>3 </sub>– CH<sub>2</sub> - OH<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">CH<sub>4</sub><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">H<sub>2</sub>S<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">HCl<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">18.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Persamaan reaksi berikut yang menunjukkan definisi perubahan entalpi
pembentukan karbon monoksida adalah … .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">C<sub>(s)</sub> + O<sub>(s)</sub> <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1030" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:12.75pt;height:9.75pt'
o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image004.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="13" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image005.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1030" width="17" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1030"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446036974">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>CO<sub>(g)</sub>
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">C<sub>(s)</sub> + <span style="mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1031" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='width:9.75pt;height:18pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="24" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1031" width="13" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1031"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446036975">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]-->O<sub>(s)</sub> <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1032" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:12.75pt;height:9.75pt'
o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image004.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="13" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image005.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1032" width="17" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1032"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446036977">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>CO<sub>(g)</sub>
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">C<sub>(s)</sub> + CO<sub>2(s)</sub> <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1033" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:12.75pt;height:9.75pt'
o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image004.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="13" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image005.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1033" width="17" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1033"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446036978">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2CO<sub>(g)</sub>
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">C<sub>(s)</sub> + <span style="mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1034" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='width:9.75pt;height:18pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="24" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1034" width="13" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1034"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446036979">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]-->O<sub>2(s)</sub> <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1035" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:12.75pt;height:9.75pt'
o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image004.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="13" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image005.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1035" width="17" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1035"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446036980">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>CO<sub>(g)</sub>
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">C<sub>(s)</sub> + CO<sub>2(s)</sub> <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1036" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:12.75pt;height:9.75pt'
o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image004.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="13" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image005.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1036" width="17" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1036"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446036981">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2CO<sub>(g)</sub>
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">19.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Pada proses endoterm … .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">kalor berpindah dari sistem ke lingkungan dan </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">D</span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">H<0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">kalor berpindah dari sistem ke ingkungan dan </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">D</span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">H>0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">kalor berpindah dari lingkungan ke sistem dan </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">D</span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">H<0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">kalor berpindah dari lingkungan ke sistem dan </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">D</span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">H>0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">tidak terjadi perpindahan kalor dan </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">D</span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">H=0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">20.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Entalpi pembentukan MgSO<sub>4 (s)</sub> = -1278 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>
maka persamaan termokimia pembentukan MgSO<sub>4</sub> yang benar adalah … .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">MgO<sub>(s)</sub> + SO<sub>3(g) </sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1037"
type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:14.25pt;height:9.75pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image006.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="13" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image007.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1037" width="19" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1037"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446036982">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>MgSO<sub>4(s)</sub> </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">D</span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">H= - 1278 kJ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Mg<sub>(s) </sub>+ S<sub>(s) </sub>+ 2O<sub>2(g) </sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1038" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:14.25pt;height:9.75pt'
o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image008.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="13" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image007.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1038" width="19" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1038"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446036983">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><sub><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></sub>MgSO<sub>4(s)
</sub></span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">D</span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">H= -
1278 kJ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">2Mg<sub>(s)</sub>+2S<sub>(s)</sub>+4O<sub>2(g) </sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1039" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:14.25pt;height:9.75pt'
o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image008.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="13" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image007.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1039" width="19" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1039"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446036985">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]-->2MgSO<sub>4(s)</sub></span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">D</span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">H=-2556 kJ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Mg<sup>2+ </sup><sub>(aq)</sub>+ SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup><sub>(aq) </sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1040" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:14.25pt;height:9.75pt'
o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image008.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="13" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image007.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1040" width="19" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1040"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446036986">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>MgSO<sub>4(s)</sub> </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">D</span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">H= - 1278 kJ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">MgS<sub>(s)</sub> + 2O<sub>2(g) </sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1041"
type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:14.25pt;height:9.75pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image008.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="13" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image007.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1041" width="19" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1041"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446036987">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>MgSO<sub>4(s)</sub> </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">D</span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">H= - 1278 Kj<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">21.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Dari diagram berikut :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1042" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='width:113.25pt;height:83.25pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image009.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="111" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image010.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1042" width="151" /><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Visio.Drawing.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1042"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446036989">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">maka harga </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">D</span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Hf SnCl<sub>2(s)</sub> adalah … . <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">– 349,8 kJ/mol<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">+349,8 kJ/mol<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">+195,4 kJ/mol<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">-174,9 kJ/mol<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">+174,9 kJ/mol<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">22.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Diketahui : <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">2C(grafit) + O<sub>2(g)</sub> <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1043" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:12.75pt;height:9.75pt'
o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image004.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="13" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image005.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1043" width="17" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1043"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446036990">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2CO<sub>(g)</sub>
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">D</span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">H = - a kj/mol<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">C(grafit) + O<sub>2</sub> <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1044" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:12.75pt;height:9.75pt'
o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image004.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="13" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image005.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1044" width="17" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1044"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446036991">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>CO<sub>2(g)</sub>
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">D</span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">H = - b kj/mol<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">maka </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">D</span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">H untuk reaksi CO<sub>(g)</sub> + <span style="mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1045"
type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:9.75pt;height:18pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="24" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1045" width="13" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1045"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446036992">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]-->O<sub>2(g)</sub> <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1046" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:12.75pt;height:9.75pt'
o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image004.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="13" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image005.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1046" width="17" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1046"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446036993">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>CO<sub>2(g)</sub>
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">adalah … <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">(-a – b) kj/mol<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">(a – b) kj/mol<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">(<span style="mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1047" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:9.75pt;height:18pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="24" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1047" width="13" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1047"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446036994">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]-->a + b) kj/mol<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">(<span style="mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1048" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:9.75pt;height:18pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="24" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1048" width="13" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1048"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446036995">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]-->a - b) kj/mol<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">(a + 2b) kj/mol<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">23.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Perubahan entalpi standar pembentukan gas etena dan gas etana
berturut-turut adalah 52 kj/mol dan –85 kj/mol, maka perubahan entalpi untuk
reaksi :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4(g)</sub> + H<sub>2(g)</sub> <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1049" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='width:12.75pt;height:9.75pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image004.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="13" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image005.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1049" width="17" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1049"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446036997">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6(g)</sub>
adalah … .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">–33 kj/mol<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">+33 kj/mol<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">–137 kj/mol<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">+137 kj/mol<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">–274 kj/mol<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">24.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Diketahui :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">D</span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Hf. CO<sub>2(g)</sub>
= -394 kJ/mol<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">D</span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Hf. H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>(g)</sub>
= -242 kJ/mol<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">D</span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Hf. C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6(g)</sub>
= -85 kJ/mol<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">maka perubahan entalpi pembakaran C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6(g)</sub> adalah
… .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">– 714,50 kJ/mol<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">+714,50 kJ/mol<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">-1429,00 kJ/mol<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">+1429,00 kJ/mol<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">– 2858,00 kJ/mol<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">25.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Diketahui :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">CaO<sub>(s)</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>(<i>l</i>)</sub> <span style="mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1050" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:14.25pt;height:9.75pt'
o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image011.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="13" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image007.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1050" width="19" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1050"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446036998">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ca(OH)<sub>2(s)</sub> </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">D</span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">H = -350
kj/mol. Jika Ar C = 40; O = 16 maka kalor reaksi per gram kalsium oksida (CaO)
yang direaksikan adalah … .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">–6,25 Kj<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">+6,25 Kj<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">–62,40 Kj<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">-350 Kj<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">+350 Kj<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">26.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Diketahui<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">N<sub>2(g)</sub> + 3H<sub>2(g)</sub> <span style="mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1051" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:14.25pt;height:9.75pt'
o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image006.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="13" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image007.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1051" width="19" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1051"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446036999">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><sub><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></sub>2NH<sub>3(g)</sub>
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">D</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">H= -<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>107 kJ/mol<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">jika energi ikatan :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">N <span style="mso-text-raise: -2.0pt; position: relative; top: 2.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1052"
type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:9pt;height:9pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image012.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="12" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image013.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1052" width="12" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1052"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446037000">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>N : 941 kJ/mol<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">H – H : 436 kJ/mol<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">maka energi ikatan rata-rata N-H dalam
NH<sub>3</sub> adalah … .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">393
kJ/mol<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">642
kJ/mol<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">782
kJ/mol<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">2249
kJ/mol<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">2346
kJ/mol<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">27.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Diketahui
energi ikat:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">H – I <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>=
299 kJ/mol<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">H – H <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>=
436 kJ/mol<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">I – I <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>=
151 kJ/mol<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">maka kalor yang diperkukan untuk
menguraikan 256 gram HI (Ar H = 1; I = 127) menjadi unsur-unsurnya adalah … .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">5,5,
kj<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">11,0
kj<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">22,0
kj<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">44,0
kj<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">88,0
kj<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">28.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Diketahui
energi ikatan rata-rata untuk<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">C – C : 348 kJ/mol <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>C – Cl : 328 kJ/mol<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">C = C : 641 kJ/mol <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>H – Cl : 431 kJ/mol<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">C – H : 413 kJ/mol <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Maka perubahan entalpi reaksi <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">H<sub>2</sub>C = CH<sub>2</sub> + HCl <span style="mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1053" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:14.25pt;height:9.75pt'
o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image006.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="13" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image007.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1053" width="19" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1053"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446037001">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><sub><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></sub>H<sub>3</sub>C
– CH<sub>2</sub> – Cl<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>adalah … .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">– 17
kJ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">+ 17
kJ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">– 44
kJ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">+ 44
kJ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">+ 47
kJ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">29.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Pada
reaksi P + Q <span style="mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1054" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:14.25pt;height:9.75pt'
o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image006.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="13" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image007.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1054" width="19" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1054"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446037002">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><sub><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></sub>R + S<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">laju reaksinya dapat dinyatakan sebagai
… .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">penambahan
konsentrasi P tiap satuan waktu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">penambahan
konsentrasi Q tiap satuan waktu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">pengurangan
konsentrasi P dan Q tiap satuan waktu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">pengurangan
konsentrasi R tiap satuan waktu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">pengurangan
konsentrasi S tiap satuan waktu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">30.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Data
percobaan untuk reaksi: 2A + B<sub>2</sub> <span style="mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1055"
type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:14.25pt;height:9.75pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image006.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="13" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image007.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1055" width="19" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1055"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446037004">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2AB<sub> </sub>tersebut
adalah sebagai berikut :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 23.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 22.5pt;" valign="top" width="30"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">No<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">[A] <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">mol/lt<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">[B] <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">mol/lt<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Laju <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">(mol/lt dt)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 22.5pt;" valign="top" width="30"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">0,5<sup><o:p></o:p></sup></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">1,0<sup><o:p></o:p></sup></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">1,0<sup><o:p></o:p></sup></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">0,5<sup><o:p></o:p></sup></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">0,5<sup><o:p></o:p></sup></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">1,0<sup><o:p></o:p></sup></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">1,5 x 10<sup>-2<o:p></o:p></sup></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">3,0 x 10<sup>-2<o:p></o:p></sup></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">3,0 x 10<sup>-2<o:p></o:p></sup></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Persamaan laju reaksinya adalah … .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">v = k
(A)<sup>2</sup> (B<sub>2</sub>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">v = k
(A) (B<sub>2</sub>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">v = k
(B<sub>2</sub>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">v = k
(A)<sup>0,5</sup> (B<sub>2</sub>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">v = k
(A)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">31.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Reaksi:
NO<sub>(g)</sub> + Cl<sub>2(g)</sub> <span style="mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1056" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='width:14.25pt;height:9.75pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image006.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="13" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image007.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1056" width="19" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1056"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446037005">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>NOCl memiliki data :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 23.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 22.5pt;" valign="top" width="30"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">No<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">[NO]<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">mol/lt<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">[Cl<sub>2(g)</sub>]<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">mol/lt<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Laju <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">(mol/lt dt)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 22.5pt;" valign="top" width="30"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">0,5<sup><o:p></o:p></sup></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">0,5<sup><o:p></o:p></sup></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">0,15<sup><o:p></o:p></sup></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">0,5<sup><o:p></o:p></sup></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">0,15<sup><o:p></o:p></sup></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">0,05<sup><o:p></o:p></sup></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">1 x 10<sup>-3<o:p></o:p></sup></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">3 x 10<sup>-3<o:p></o:p></sup></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">9 x 10<sup>-3<o:p></o:p></sup></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">maka orde reaksinya adalah … .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">32.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Untuk reaksi A + B <span style="mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1057" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='width:14.25pt;height:9.75pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image006.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="13" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image007.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1057" width="19" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1057"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446037006">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><sub><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></sub><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>C diperoleh data sebagai berikut :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 23.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">[A] molar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">[B] molar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Laju, molar/menit<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">0,01<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">0,02<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">0,02<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">0,03<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">0.20<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">0,20<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">0,40<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">0,60<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">0,02<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">0,08<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">0,16<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">0,54<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Harga tetapan laju reaksi k untuk reaksi tersebut adalah … .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">1000<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">500<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">10<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">0,02<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">0,001<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">33.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Data
hasil percobaan untuk reaksi <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">A + B <span style="mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1058"
type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:14.25pt;height:9.75pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image006.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="13" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image007.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1058" width="19" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1058"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446037007">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><sub><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></sub>hasil,
sebagai berikut :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 23.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480; width: 273px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td rowspan="2" style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.5pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Perc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Zat yang bereaksi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.0pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Waktu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">(detik)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .5in;" valign="top" width="48"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Suhu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">(<sup>0</sup>C)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; page-break-inside: avoid;">
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">A<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.5pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">B<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.5pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: -8.15pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">4 gr serbuk<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: -8.15pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">4 gr larutan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: -8.15pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">4 gr larutan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: -8.15pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">4 gr kepingan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: -8.15pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">4 gr larutan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 31.5pt;" valign="top" width="42"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">2 M<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">2 M<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">4 M<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">2 M<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">2 M<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.0pt;" valign="top" width="57"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">10<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">8<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">20<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">8<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .5in;" valign="top" width="48"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">27<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">27<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">27<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">27<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">27<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Berdasarkan data percobaan 1 dan 4,
faktor yang mempengaruhi laju reaksi adalah … .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">katalis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">konsentrasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">perubahan
suhu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">sifat
zat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">luas
permukaan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">34.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Kenaikan suhu akan mempercepat laju reaksi, karena kenaikan
suhu … .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">dapat memperluas permukaan zat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">dapat menaikkan energi aktivasi pereaksi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">dapat memperbesar tekanan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">dapat memperbesar energi kinetik molekul pereaksi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">dapat menaikkan konsentrasi pereaksi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">35.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Laju reaksi dari suatu reaksi gas dinyatakan sebagai v =
k(CO)(NO<sub>2</sub>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Bila volum yang ditempati gas-gas tersebut tiba-tiba
diperkecil <span style="mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1059" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:9.75pt;height:18pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="24" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1059" width="13" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1059"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446037008">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>kali dari volum
semula, maka laju reaksinya jika dibandingkan laju reaksi semula akan menjadi …
.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><span style="mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1060" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:9.75pt;height:18pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="24" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1060" width="13" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1060"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446037010">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>kali<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><span style="mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1061" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:9.75pt;height:18pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image014.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="24" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image015.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1061" width="13" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1061"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446037011">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>kali<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><span style="mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1062" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:9.75pt;height:18pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image016.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="24" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image017.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1062" width="13" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1062"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446037012">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>kali<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><span style="mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1063" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:9.75pt;height:18pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image018.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="24" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image019.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1063" width="13" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1063"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446037013">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>kali<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><span style="mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1064" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:11.25pt;height:18pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image020.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="24" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image021.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1064" width="15" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1064"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446037015">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>kali<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">36.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Pernyataan yang benar tentang katalisator adalah … <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">zat yang dapat mempercepat dan memperbesar hasil reaksi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">zat yang tidak terlibat dalam reaksi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">zat yang dapat menurunkan energi pengaktifan reaksi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">zat yang dapat mempercepat semua jenis reaksi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">zat yang dapat menyederhanakan mekanisme reaksi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">37.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Data untuk reaksi : R + Q <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1065" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:12.75pt;height:9.75pt'
o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image004.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="13" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image005.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1065" width="17" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1065"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446037016">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>hasil <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">adalah sebagai berikut :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 23.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 22.5pt;" valign="top" width="30"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">No<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">[P] <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">mol/lt<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">[B] <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">mol/lt<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Laju <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">(mol/lt dt)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 22.5pt;" valign="top" width="30"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">0,1<sup><o:p></o:p></sup></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">0,2<sup><o:p></o:p></sup></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">0,1<sup><o:p></o:p></sup></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">0,1<sup><o:p></o:p></sup></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">0,3<sup><o:p></o:p></sup></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">0,3<sup><o:p></o:p></sup></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">2,2 x 10<sup>-4<o:p></o:p></sup></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">19,8 x 10<sup>-4<o:p></o:p></sup></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">19,8 x 10<sup>-4<o:p></o:p></sup></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">maka grafik yang menggambarkan tingkat reaksi terhadap P
adalah … .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 113.75pt;" valign="top" width="152"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">A.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1066" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='width:48.75pt;height:42.75pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image022.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="57" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image023.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1066" width="65" /><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Visio.Drawing.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1066"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446037017">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 113.75pt;" valign="top" width="152"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">D.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1067" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:48.75pt;height:42.75pt'
o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image024.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="57" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image025.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1067" width="65" /><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Visio.Drawing.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1067"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446037018">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 113.75pt;" valign="top" width="152"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">B.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1068" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='width:48.75pt;height:42.75pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image026.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="57" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image027.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1068" width="65" /><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Visio.Drawing.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1068"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446037020">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 113.75pt;" valign="top" width="152"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">E.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1069" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:48.75pt;height:42.75pt'
o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image028.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="57" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image029.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1069" width="65" /><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Visio.Drawing.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1069"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446037021">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 113.75pt;" valign="top" width="152"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">C.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1070" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='width:48.75pt;height:42.75pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image030.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="57" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image031.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1070" width="65" /><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Visio.Drawing.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1070"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446037022">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 113.75pt;" valign="top" width="152"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">38.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Reaksi : A <span style="mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1071" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='width:14.25pt;height:9.75pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image032.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="13" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image007.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1071" width="19" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1071"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446037024">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>hasil<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">memiliki persamaan laju reaksi : v = k (A). Jika satuan
konsentrasi dinyatakan dalam mol L<sup>-1</sup> ,maka satuan dari tetapan laju
reaksi, k adalah … .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">S<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">S<sup>-1</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">mol L<sup>-1</sup>S<sup>-1</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">L mol<sup>-1</sup>S<sup>-1</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">mol<sup> </sup>S<sup>-1</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">39.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Setiap kenaikan suhu 10<sup>0</sup>C laju reaksi menjadi 2
kali lebih cepat dari semula. Jika pada suhu<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>20<sup>0</sup> C reaksi berlangsung selama 12 menit, maka laju reaksi
pada suhu 50<sup>0</sup>C adalah … .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">1,0 menit<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">1,5 menit<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">2,0 menit<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">3,0 menit<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">4,0 menit<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">40.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Pada saat tercapai kesetimbangan dalam reaksi kimia,
pernyataan berikut yang benar adalah … .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">reaksi telah terhenti<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">mol pereaksi yang berubah sama dengan mol zat yang terbentuk<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">konsentrasi zat-zat campuran reaksi tidak berubah <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">laju reaksi ke kanan lebih cepat daripada laju reaksi balik<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">mol zat pereaksi sama dengan mol hasil reaksi <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">41.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Tetapan kesetimbangan reaksi : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Sn<sub>(s)</sub> + 2Cl<sub>2(g)</sub> <span style="mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1072"
type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:14.25pt;height:9.75pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image033.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="13" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image034.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1072" width="19" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1072"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446037025">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>SnCl<sub>4(g)</sub>
diberikan oleh … .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Kc = <span style="mso-text-raise: -12.0pt; position: relative; top: 12.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1073" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='width:47.25pt;height:30pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image035.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="40" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image036.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1073" width="63" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1073"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446037026">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Kc = <span style="mso-text-raise: -14.0pt; position: relative; top: 14.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1074" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='width:47.25pt;height:30pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image037.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="40" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image038.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1074" width="63" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1074"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446037027">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Kc = <span style="mso-text-raise: -14.0pt; position: relative; top: 14.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1075" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='width:35.25pt;height:30pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image039.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="40" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image040.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1075" width="47" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1075"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446037029">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Kc = <span style="mso-text-raise: -12.0pt; position: relative; top: 12.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1076" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='width:35.25pt;height:30pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image041.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="40" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image042.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1076" width="47" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1076"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446037030">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Kc = <span style="mso-text-raise: -17.0pt; position: relative; top: 17.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1077" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='width:35.25pt;height:33pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image043.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="44" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image044.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1077" width="47" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1077"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446037031">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">42.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Diketahui reaksi A<sub>(g) </sub>+ 2B<sub>(g)</sub> <span style="mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1078" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:14.25pt;height:9.75pt'
o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image033.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="13" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image034.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1078" width="19" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1078"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446037032">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>AB<sub>2(g)</sub><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Kesetimbangan bergeser ke kanan jika … .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">tekanan diperbesar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">suhu dinaikkan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">suhu diturunkan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">tekanan diperkecil<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">konsentrasi B diperkecil<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">43.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Dalam suatu bejana 1 liter 4 mol gas NO<sub>2</sub> membentuk
kesetimbangan sebagai berikut :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">2NO<sub>2(g)</sub> <span style="mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1079" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='width:14.25pt;height:9.75pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image033.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="13" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image034.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1079" width="19" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1079"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446037033">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2NO<sub>2(g) </sub>+ O<sub>2(g)</sub>
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">dalam keadaan setimbang pada suhu tetap, masih terdapat NO<sub>2</sub>
sebanyak 1 mol, maka harga kc adalah … .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">2,7<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">4,1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">6,75<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">9,0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">13,5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">44.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Pada kesetimbangan :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">CO<sub>(g)</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>(g)</sub> <!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1080" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:14.25pt;height:6.75pt'
o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image045.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="9" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image046.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1080" width="19" /><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Visio.Drawing.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1080"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446037035">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>CO<sub>2(g)</sub> +H<sub>2(g)</sub><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Bila<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dalam volum 1
liter direaksikan 1 mol CO dan 1 mol<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>H<sub>2</sub>O
hingga tercapai kesetimbangan dengan Kc = 16, maka pada saat setimbang
konsentrasi CO<sub>2<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></sub>adalah … .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">0,1 M<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">0,2 M<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">0,4 M<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">0,8 M<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">1,0 M<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">45.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Pada kesetimbangan :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Ag<sup>+</sup><sub>(aq)</sub> + Fe<sup>2+</sup><sub>(aq)</sub>
<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1081" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:14.25pt;
height:6.75pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image045.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="9" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image046.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1081" width="19" /><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Visio.Drawing.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1081"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446037036">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ag<sub>(s)</sub> + Fe<sup>3+</sup><sub>(aq)</sub><sup><br />
</sup>Jika pada suhu tetap ditambahkan larutan AgNO<sub>3</sub>, maka akan
terjadi … . <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">pengurangan konsentrasi Fe<sup>3+</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">penambahan konsentrasi Ag<sup>+</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">kesetimbangan bergeser ke kanan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">penambahan konsentrasi Fe<sup>2+</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">pengurangan konsentrasi Ag<sup>+</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">46.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Sistem kesetimbangan berikut tidak dipengaruhi oleh perubahan
tekanan maupun volum.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">SO<sub>2(g)</sub> + 2O<sub>2(g)</sub><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1082"
type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:14.25pt;height:6.75pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image045.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="9" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image046.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1082" width="19" /><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Visio.Drawing.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1082"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446037037">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2SO<sub>3</sub><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">2HI<sub>(g)</sub><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1083" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:14.25pt;height:6.75pt'
o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image045.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="9" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image046.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1083" width="19" /><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Visio.Drawing.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1083"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446037038">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>H<sub>2(g)</sub><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>+ I<sub>2(g)</sub> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">CaCO<sub>3(s)</sub> <!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1084"
type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:14.25pt;height:6.75pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image045.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="9" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image046.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1084" width="19" /><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Visio.Drawing.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1084"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446037039">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>CaO<sub>(g)</sub> +CO<sub>2(g)</sub><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">2Cl<sub>2(g)</sub> + 2H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>(g)</sub> <!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1085" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:14.25pt;height:6.75pt'
o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image045.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="9" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image046.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1085" width="19" /><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Visio.Drawing.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1085"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446037040">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>4HCl<sub>(g)</sub> + O<sub>2(g)</sub><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">2NO<sub>2(g)</sub> <!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1086"
type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:14.25pt;height:6.75pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image045.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="9" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image046.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1086" width="19" /><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Visio.Drawing.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1086"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446037041">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2NO<sub>(g</sub>) + O<sub>2(g)</sub><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">47.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Suatu reaksi kesetimbangan : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">PCl<sub>5(g)</sub> <!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1087"
type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:14.25pt;height:6.75pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image045.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="9" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image046.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1087" width="19" /><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Visio.Drawing.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1087"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446037043">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>PCl<sub>3(g)</sub> +Cl<sub>2(g)</sub>
. Pada saat setimbang jumlah mol PCl<sub>5 </sub>sama dengan jumlah mol PCl<sub>3</sub>
, maka derajad disosiasi PCl<sub>5</sub> adalah … .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><span style="mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1088" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:9.75pt;height:18pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="24" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1088" width="13" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1088"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446037044">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><span style="mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1089" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:9.75pt;height:18pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image047.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="24" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image048.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1089" width="13" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1089"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446037045">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><span style="mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1090" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:9.75pt;height:18pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image049.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="24" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image050.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1090" width="13" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1090"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446037046">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><span style="mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1091" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:9.75pt;height:18pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image051.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="24" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image052.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1091" width="13" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1091"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446037047">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"><span style="mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1092" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:9.75pt;height:18pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image053.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="24" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image054.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1092" width="13" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1092"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446037049">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">48.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Diketahui beberapa reaksi kesetimbangan sebagai berikut : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">1) <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>2H<sub>2(g)</sub> + O<sub>2(g)</sub>
<span style="mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1093" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:14.25pt;height:9.75pt'
o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image033.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="13" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image034.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1093" width="19" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1093"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446037050">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>(g)<o:p></o:p></sub></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">2) <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>2N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4(g)</sub>
<span style="mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1094" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:14.25pt;height:9.75pt'
o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image033.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="13" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image034.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1094" width="19" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1094"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446037051">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2NO<sub>2(g)<o:p></o:p></sub></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">3) <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>3NO<sub>(g)</sub> <span style="mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1095" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:14.25pt;height:9.75pt'
o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image033.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="13" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image034.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1095" width="19" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1095"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446037052">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>N<sub>2(g)</sub> + O<sub>2(g)<o:p></o:p></sub></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">4) <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>2HI<sub>(g)</sub> <span style="mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1096" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:14.25pt;height:9.75pt'
o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image033.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="13" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image034.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1096" width="19" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1096"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446037053">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>H<sub>2(g)</sub> + I<sub>2(g)<o:p></o:p></sub></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">5) <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>N<sub>2(g) </sub>+3H<sub>2(g)</sub>
<span style="mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1097" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:14.25pt;height:9.75pt'
o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image033.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="13" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image034.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1097" width="19" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1097"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446037054">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2NH<sub>3(g)<o:p></o:p></sub></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Reaksi kesetimbangan yang<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>mempunyai harga tetapan kesetimbangan Kc = Kp adalah … .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">1 dan 2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">1 dan 3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">2 dan 3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">3 dan 4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">4 dan 5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">49.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Diketahui :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">NOBr<sub>(g)</sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1098" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='width:14.25pt;height:9.75pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image033.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="13" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image034.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1098" width="19" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1098"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446037055">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>NO<sub>(g)</sub> + <span style="mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="_x0000_i1099" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:9.75pt;height:18pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="24" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1099" width="13" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1099"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446037057">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]-->Br<sub>2(g)</sub> Kc = 0,71 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Pada suhu yang sama, harga Kc<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>untuk kesetimbangan :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">2NOBr<sub>(g)</sub><span style="mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1100" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='width:14.25pt;height:9.75pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image033.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="13" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image034.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1100" width="19" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1100"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446037058">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2NO<sub>(g)</sub> + Br<sub>2(g)</sub>
adalah … .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">0,50<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">0,71<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">1,42<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">2,84<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">4,90<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">50.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Pada suhu 25<sup>0</sup>C dan tekanan total 0,30 atm, tekanan
parsial N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> adalah 0,15 atm, maka pada sistem
kesetimbangan <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">2NO<sub>2(g)</sub> <!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1101"
type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:14.25pt;height:6.75pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image045.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="9" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image046.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1101" width="19" /><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Visio.Drawing.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1101"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446037059">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4(g)<o:p></o:p></sub></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Harga Kp adalah … .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">1<span style="mso-text-raise: -10.0pt; position: relative; top: 10.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1102" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='width:9.75pt;height:26.25pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image055.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="35" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image056.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1102" width="13" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1102"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446037060">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>atm<sup>-1</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">1<span style="mso-text-raise: -10.0pt; position: relative; top: 10.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1103" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='width:11.25pt;height:26.25pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image057.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="35" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image058.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1103" width="15" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1103"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446037062">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>atm<sup>-1</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">3,0 atm<sup>-1</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">6<span style="mso-text-raise: -10.0pt; position: relative; top: 10.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1104" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='width:9.75pt;height:26.25pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image059.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="35" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image056.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1104" width="13" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1104"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446037063">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>atm<sup>-1</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Book Antiqua"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Book Antiqua";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Book Antiqua","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">6<span style="mso-text-raise: -10.0pt; position: relative; top: 10.0pt;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1105" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='width:11.25pt;height:26.25pt' o:ole="">
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\sabar\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image060.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><img height="35" src="file:///C:/Users/sabar/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image058.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1105" width="15" /></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.3" ShapeID="_x0000_i1105"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1446037064">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>atm<sup>-1</sup><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6838029397506534852.post-12996692852999338162013-12-27T12:55:00.001-08:002013-12-27T12:55:18.888-08:00Alkalimetri<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;"></span><br />
<h3>
Pengertian Alkalimetri</h3>
<div>
<a href="http://rpp-soal-kimia.blogspot.com/" target="_blank"><img src="http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQhO4BLmKuNbNXjfiSUMYvP7rAjJ8AScAMPwOFSaMwB81icu37JQTZJjgc_" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Alkalimetri merupakan suatu teknik analisis untuk mengetahui kadar keasaman suatu zat dengan menggunakan larutan standar basa. Basa yang digunakan biasanya adalah natrium hidroksida (NaOH). Sebelum digunakan, larutan NaOH harus distandarisasi dahulu dengan asam oksalat (H<sub>2</sub>C<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>).</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<img src="http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQPAw75tm2mLZJMRgY8L52QFdes-k4LJKyPWHYuyC36GnajBFNGkfeXLppl" /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Hidroksida-hidroksida dari natrium, kalium dan barium umumnya digunakan sebagai larutan standar alkalis (basa). Ketiganya merupakan basa kuat dan sangat mudah larut dalam air. Pembuatan larutan standar alkalis dan amonium hidroksida tidak dibenarkan, kecuali bersifat sebagai basa lemah, pada proses pelarutan dilepaskan gas amonia (beracun).</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />Natrium hidroksida paling sering digunakan karena murah dan kemurniannya tinggi. Oleh karena sifatnya yang sangat higroskopis, maka diperlukan ketelitian pada proses penimbangan. Pada saat penimbangan gunakan botol timbang bertutup untuk mengurangi kesalahan. Standarisasi larutan NaOH dapat dilakukan dengan larutan asam oksalat sesuai dengan reaksinya sebagai berikut:<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;">
NaOH (<i>aq</i>) + H<sub>2</sub>C<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (<i>aq</i>) → Na<sub>2</sub>C<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (<i>aq</i>) + 2 H<sub>2</sub>O (<i>l</i>)</div>
</div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6838029397506534852.post-19872195051188541172013-12-27T12:49:00.002-08:002013-12-27T12:49:30.141-08:00Afinitas Elektron<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;"></span><br />
<h3>
Definisi Afinitas Elektron</h3>
<div>
<img src="http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQ2MNFsAzyT8zAHbyjdT965ARyKjJsAE1XWs4VnCRBQWxjpGtjwipAaB1ZR" /></div>
<h4>
Definisi Konvensional</h4>
Hampir semua atom netral mempunyai kapasitas untuk menerima paling tidak satu elektron tambahan, yang kemudian dikenal dengan istilah afinitas elektron. Pada proses ini umumnya dibebaskan energi, berlawanan dengan proses pengeluaran elektron dari suatu atom yang membutuhkan energi. Karena afinitas elektron menunjuk pada energi, maka lebih sering disebut sebagai energi afinitas (<i>E<sub>a</sub></i>). Secara konvensional, definisi energi afinitas adalah energi yang dibebaskan bila tiap mol atom netral atau ion dalam keadaaan gas menangkap elektron membentuk ion negatif. Dengan demikian, proses yang terjadi dapat dipandang sebagai kebalikan dari proses pelepasan elektron, yaitu :<br />M (g) + <i>e</i> ---> M<sup>-</sup> .......... <i>E<sub>a</sub></i>(1)<br />M<sup>-</sup> (g) + <i>e </i> ---> M<sup>2- </sup> .......... <i>E<sub>a</sub></i>(2)<br /><br />Dapat dipahami bahwa <i>E<sub>a</sub></i>(1) > <i>E<sub>a</sub></i>(2) > <i>E<sub>a</sub></i>(3) dan seterusnya, karena tambahan elektron kedua dan seterusnya akan mendapat tolakan dari spesies negatif hasil, sehingga tdak lagi dibebaskan energi melainkan malahan dibutuhkan energi yang semakin besar; dengan demikian energi yang dibebaskan semakin kecil atau bahkan negatif atau dengan kata lain justru membutuhkan energi.<br /><br /><h4>
Definisi Modern</h4>
Berlawanan dengan perjanjian konvensional, publikasi para ahli kimia akhir-akhir ini memandang afinitas elektron langsung dengan besaran termodinamika ∆<i>H</i>; jadi, afinitas elektron didefinisikan sebagai perubahan entalpi yang terjadi pada penambahan elektron ke dalam tiap mol atom atau ion dalam keadaan gas. Misalnya untuk oksigen, afinitas elektron langsung diekspresikan dengan besaran termodinamika sebagai berikut:<br /><br />O (<i>g</i>) + e ---> O<sup>-</sup> (<i>g</i>) ∆<i>H</i>(1) = -141 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup><br />O<sup>- </sup> (<i>g</i>) + e ---> O<sup>2-</sup> (<i>g</i>) ∆<i>H</i>(2) = +844 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup><br /><br />Dengan demikian perjanjian ini menghasilkan numerik yang sama tetapi berlawanan tanda dengan perjanjian konvensional untuk harga <i>E<sub>a</sub></i>. Untuk tidak menimbulkan kebingungan, maka yang perlu diperhatikan adalah harga dari besaran termodinamika dalam proses penangkapan elektron tersebut, karena kedua pandangan menghasilkan nilai yang sama. Oleh karena ∆<i>H</i> dapat positif atau negatif maka ungkapan data perlu dicantumkan bearan mana yang dipilih, seyogyanya ∆<i>H</i>.<br /><br /><h3>
Kecenderungan Afinitas Elektron</h3>
Secara umum, kecenderungan afinitas elektron dapat digeneralisasikan, walaupun dalam faktanya banyak yang menyimpang. Pada unsur golongan 2 (alkali tanah), mempunyai nilai afinitas elektron yang rendah. Unsur ini relatif stabil karena telah menempati subkulit <i>s</i>. Golongan 17 (halogen) mempunyai afinitas elektron yang tinggi karena adanya tambahan elektron pada atom sebagai hasil dari pemenuhan orbital. Golongan 18 (gas mulia) mempunyai afinitas elektron mendekati nol, karena masing-masing atom memperlihatkan sebuah kestabilan oktet dan tidak akan dapat menerima sebuah elektron lagi. Unsur dalam golongan lain mempunyai afinitas yang lebih rendah. Berikut ini adalah contoh grafik kecenderungan afinitas elektron:<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;"><img height="247" src="http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQqvjpm0Ut5ybuFsF-4LZo2MA5GpBCObf6pzDPpbviluhaTnorLhC9NwjN2" width="320" /></span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6838029397506534852.post-31621863257140974482013-08-27T20:50:00.000-07:002013-08-27T20:50:00.234-07:00Pengertian, struktur, penggunaan, Alkuna<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;"></span><br />
<h3>
<b>Pengertian Alkuna</b></h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Alkuna adalah suatu golongan hidrokarbon alifatik yang mempunyai gugus fungsi berupa ikatan ganda tiga karbon-karbon (-C≡C-). Seperti halnya ikatan rangkap dalam alkena, ikatan ganda tiga dalam alkuna juga disebut ikatan tidak jenuh. Ketidakjenuhan ikatan ganda tiga karbon-karbon lebih besar daripada ikatan rangkap. Oleh karena itu kemampuannya bereaksi dengan pereaksi-peraksi yang dapat bereaksi dengan alkena juga lebih besar. Hal inilah yang menyebabkan golongan alkuna memiliki peranan khusus dalam sintesis senyawa organik.<br />
<br />
<h3>
<b>Struktur Alkuna</b></h3>
Alkuna merupakan golongan hidrokarbon yang memiliki ikatan ganda tiga (istilah "ganda tiga" digunakan untuk membedakan "rangkap dua" milik alkena). Dengan demikian alkuna juga termasuk hidrokarbon tidak jenuh. Rumus umum untuk senyawa alkuna adalah C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n-2</sub>. Karena sebuah senyawa alkuna memiliki minimal satu ikatan ganda tiga, maka senyawa alkuna yang paling kecil adalah etuna (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>) dengan rumus struktur HC≡CH. Dengan demikian, dapat dipahami bahwa bentuk tiga dimensi dari etuna adalah linier, dengan sudut ikatan sebesar 180º dengan panjang ikatan sebesar 0,121 nm.<br />
<br />
<h3>
<b>Tumpang Tindih Orbital Alkuna</b></h3>
Teori ikatan valensi (<i>Valence Bond Theory</i>) mengatakan bahwa ikatan ganda tiga merupakan hasil bentukan dari tumpang tindih orbital hibridisasi <i>sp</i> dari atom-atom karbon yang bersebelahan. Dengan demikian akan terbentuk ikatan sigma (σ) dan ikatan pi (π). Ikatan tersebut terbentuk dari tumpah tindih dua buah orbital 2<i>p<sub>y</sub></i> yang bersifat paralel, dan sebuah ikatan pi (π) kedua yang terbentuk dari tumpah tindih orbital 2<i>p<sub>z</sub></i> yang juga bersifat paralel.<br />
<br />
<h3>
<b>Spektrum Alkuna</b></h3>
<h4>
<b>Spektrum IR Alkuna</b></h4>
Frekuensi uluran C≡C alkuna terjadi pada 2100-2250 cm<sup>-1</sup> (4,4-4,8 μm). Absorpsi ini sangat lemah dan mudah terbenam dalam bisingan (<i>crowded</i>) latar belakang spektrum. Namun tak ada gugus yang menyerap di daerah ini kecuali C≡N (gugus nitril) dan Si-H. Frekuensi uluran ≡C-H dijumpai pada kira-kira 3300 cm<sup>-1</sup> (3,0 μm)sebagai suatu <i>peak</i> yang tajam.<br />
<br />
<h4>
<b>Spektrum NMR Alkuna</b></h4>
Suatu alkuna dengan tipe RC≡CR tak mempunyai proton yang bersifat asetilenik. Dengan demikian alkuna yang bersubstitusi ganda tidak mempunyai absorpsi NMR yang khas (tetapi pada bagian lain dari molekul dapat menimbilkan absorpsi). Suatu alkuna substitusi tunggal, RC≡CH menunjukkan absorpsi untuk proton alkunil pada nilai δ sekitar 3 ppm. Absorpsi ini tidak sebawah medan seperti absorpsi untuk proton vinil atau aril, karena proton alkunil terperisai oleh medan imbasan ikatan ganda tiga.<br />
<br />
<h3>
Penggunaan Alkuna</h3>
Manfaat alkuna dalam kehidupan adalah:<br />
<ol>
<li>Gas asetilena (etuna) digunakan untuk bahan bakar las. Ketika asetilena dibakar dengan oksigen maka dapat mencapai suhu 3000º C. Suhu tinggi tersebut mampu digunakan untuk melelehkan logam dan menyatukan pecahan-pecahan logam.<br /><div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjH6OXcbMUsAbyI7msIRLMr_xTDuVV-2v0qmCzl40Biv5fPju3FVqy35JoRPPqaZB-lbcp0B9UJ-Nw_ZifwIo_ijL3iMJ07U1_F8ewLnpLZEkMFp9A4QytvmjRhi6p93rf7RMpZEVYv7Qg/s1600/asetilena.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="color: #ea5402; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="gas asetilena" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjH6OXcbMUsAbyI7msIRLMr_xTDuVV-2v0qmCzl40Biv5fPju3FVqy35JoRPPqaZB-lbcp0B9UJ-Nw_ZifwIo_ijL3iMJ07U1_F8ewLnpLZEkMFp9A4QytvmjRhi6p93rf7RMpZEVYv7Qg/s320/asetilena.JPG" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; max-width: 100%; width: auto;" title="gas etuna" /></a></div>
</li>
<li>Asetilena terklorinasi digunakan sebagai pelarut. Asetilena klorida juga digunakan untuk bahan awal pembuatan polivinil klorida (PVC) dan poliakrilonitril.</li>
<li>Karbanion alkuna merupakan nukleofil yang sangat bagus dan bisa digunakan untuk menyerang senyawa karbonil dan alkil halida untuk melangsungkan reaksi adisi. Dengan demikian sangat penting untuk menambah panjang rantai senyawa organik</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6838029397506534852.post-49172100466234892152013-08-27T20:48:00.001-07:002013-08-27T20:48:16.344-07:00Dehidrohalogenasi Alkil Halida<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;">Alkuna merupakan senyawa organik yang berguna. Alkuna dapat dijadikan sebagai <i>starting material</i>untuk sintesis beberapa senyawa organik yang bermanfaat. Maka dari itu, usaha untuk membuat alkuna dapat dipelajari sehingga alkuna dapat dibuat dengan skala besar. Inilah reaksi pembuatan alkuna:</span><br />
<h3>
Dehidrohalogenasi Alkil Halida</h3>
Dehidrogenasi senyawa dihalida yang berstruktur visinal maupun geminal oleh pengaruh basa kuat menghasilkan alkuna. Reaksi ini melalui pembentukan zat antara vinil halida.<br />
<br />
Contoh:<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
CH<sub>3</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-CHBr-CHBr-CH<sub>3</sub> + KOH → CH<sub>3</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-C≡C-CH<sub>3</sub> + 2 KBr + 2 H<sub>2</sub>O</div>
<br />
Pembuatan alkuna dengan cara ini biasanya menggunakan dihalida visinal, karena dihalida visinal mudah dibuat dengan mereaksikan alkena dengan halogen.<br />
<br />
<h3>
Reaksi Asetilida Logam dengan Alkil Halida Primer</h3>
Alkuna terminal dapat bereaksi dengan natrium amida, NaNH<sub>2</sub>, menghasilkan natrium alkunida.<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
R-C≡C-H + NaNH<sub>2</sub> → R-C≡C<sup>-</sup>Na<sup>+</sup> + NH<sub>3</sub></div>
<br />
Jika natrium alkunida direaksikan dengan alkil halida primer menghasilkan asetilena tersubstitusi.<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
R-C≡C<sup>-</sup>Na<sup>+</sup> + R'-X → R-C≡C-R' + NaX</div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6838029397506534852.post-87234552804698371892013-08-27T20:46:00.003-07:002017-01-25T21:06:00.540-08:00download rpp kimia kelas x<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
sobat guru sekalian kali ini saya mau berbagi rpp kimia kelas x,,,,sobat tinggal download,,,oh ya jangan lupa bergabung di google plus saya ya......<br>
<br>
silahkan download di sini<br>
<br>
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<a href="http://www.ziddu.com/downloadlink/22508264/rppkimiakelasxsmtr1bag3.pdf" target="_blank">rpp kimia kelas x smtr 1 bag 4</a><br>
<a href="http://www.ziddu.com/downloadlink/22508265/rppkimiakelasxsmtr1bag4.pdf" target="_blank">rpp kimia kelas x smtr 1 bag 5</a><br>
<br></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6838029397506534852.post-5801849436599202972013-07-12T17:11:00.001-07:002013-07-12T17:11:11.529-07:00sifat kimia fisika alkuna<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;"></span><br />
<h3>
<b>Kelarutan Alkuna</b></h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Alkuna tidak larut dalam air, namun cukup larut dalam pelarut organik seperti benzena, eter, dan karbon tetraklorida.<br /><h3>
<b>Wujud Alkuna</b></h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Tiga alkuna dengan rantai anggota terpendek (etuna, propuna, dan butuna) merupakan gas tak berwarna dan tak berbau. Adanya pengotor berupa gas fosgen (ClCOCl), etuna (asetilena) berbau seperti bawang putih. Delapan anggota selanjutnya berwujud cair, dan jika rantai semakin panjang maka wujud alkuna adalah padatan pada tekanan dan temperatur standar. Semua alkuna mempunyai massa jenis lebih kecil daripada air.</div>
<h3>
<b>Titik Leleh dan Titik Didih Alkuna</b></h3>
Titik leleh dan titik didih alkuna semakin meningkat seiring dengan kenaikan massa molekul. Selain itu, titik leleh dan titik didih alkuna dipengaruhi oleh percabangan, seperti halnya alkana dan alkena. Contoh titik leleh alkuna adalah:<br /><br /><br /><table class="tableizer-table" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><tbody>
<tr class="tableizer-firstrow"><th style="background-color: #ff8500; color: white; font-weight: bold;">Senyawa</th><th style="background-color: #ff8500; color: white; font-weight: bold;">Titik Leleh (ºC)</th></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 3px; margin-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;">etuna</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 3px; margin-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;">-83</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 3px; margin-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;">propuna</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 3px; margin-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;">-27</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 3px; margin-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;">1-butuna</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 3px; margin-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;">8</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 3px; margin-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;">2-butuna</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 3px; margin-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;">29</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 3px; margin-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;">1-pentuna</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 3px; margin-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;">48</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 3px; margin-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;">2-pentuna</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; margin-bottom: 3px; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 3px; margin-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px;">55</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6838029397506534852.post-32921514774729633952013-07-12T17:09:00.001-07:002013-07-12T17:09:08.715-07:00alkuna : stuktur dan kegunaan<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;"></span><br />
<h3>
<b>Pengertian Alkuna</b></h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Alkuna adalah suatu golongan hidrokarbon alifatik yang mempunyai gugus fungsi berupa ikatan ganda tiga karbon-karbon (-C≡C-). Seperti halnya ikatan rangkap dalam alkena, ikatan ganda tiga dalam alkuna juga disebut ikatan tidak jenuh. Ketidakjenuhan ikatan ganda tiga karbon-karbon lebih besar daripada ikatan rangkap. Oleh karena itu kemampuannya bereaksi dengan pereaksi-peraksi yang dapat bereaksi dengan alkena juga lebih besar. Hal inilah yang menyebabkan golongan alkuna memiliki peranan khusus dalam sintesis senyawa organik.<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px; font-weight: 800;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></span></span></span><h3>
<b>Tumpang Tindih Orbital Alkuna</b></h3>
Teori ikatan valensi (<i>Valence Bond Theory</i>) mengatakan bahwa ikatan ganda tiga merupakan hasil bentukan dari tumpang tindih orbital hibridisasi <i>sp</i> dari atom-atom karbon yang bersebelahan. Dengan demikian akan terbentuk ikatan sigma (σ) dan ikatan pi (π). Ikatan tersebut terbentuk dari tumpah tindih dua buah orbital 2<i>p<sub>y</sub></i> yang bersifat paralel, dan sebuah ikatan pi (π) kedua yang terbentuk dari tumpah tindih orbital 2<i>p<sub>z</sub></i> yang juga bersifat paralel.<br /><h3>
<b>Struktur Alkuna</b></h3>
Alkuna merupakan golongan hidrokarbon yang memiliki ikatan ganda tiga (istilah "ganda tiga" digunakan untuk membedakan "rangkap dua" milik alkena). Dengan demikian alkuna juga termasuk hidrokarbon tidak jenuh. Rumus umum untuk senyawa alkuna adalah C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n-2</sub>. Karena sebuah senyawa alkuna memiliki minimal satu ikatan ganda tiga, maka senyawa alkuna yang paling kecil adalah etuna (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>) dengan rumus struktur HC≡CH. Dengan demikian, dapat dipahami bahwa bentuk tiga dimensi dari etuna adalah linier, dengan sudut ikatan sebesar 180º dengan panjang ikatan sebesar 0,121 nm.<br /><h3>
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><h3>
Penggunaan Alkuna</h3>
Manfaat alkuna dalam kehidupan adalah:<br /><ol>
<li>Gas asetilena (etuna) digunakan untuk bahan bakar las. Ketika asetilena dibakar dengan oksigen maka dapat mencapai suhu 3000º C. Suhu tinggi tersebut mampu digunakan untuk melelehkan logam dan menyatukan pecahan-pecahan logam.<br /><div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjH6OXcbMUsAbyI7msIRLMr_xTDuVV-2v0qmCzl40Biv5fPju3FVqy35JoRPPqaZB-lbcp0B9UJ-Nw_ZifwIo_ijL3iMJ07U1_F8ewLnpLZEkMFp9A4QytvmjRhi6p93rf7RMpZEVYv7Qg/s1600/asetilena.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="color: #ea5402; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="gas asetilena" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjH6OXcbMUsAbyI7msIRLMr_xTDuVV-2v0qmCzl40Biv5fPju3FVqy35JoRPPqaZB-lbcp0B9UJ-Nw_ZifwIo_ijL3iMJ07U1_F8ewLnpLZEkMFp9A4QytvmjRhi6p93rf7RMpZEVYv7Qg/s320/asetilena.JPG" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; cursor: move; max-width: 100%; width: auto;" title="gas etuna" /></a></div>
</li>
<li>Asetilena terklorinasi digunakan sebagai pelarut. Asetilena klorida juga digunakan untuk bahan awal pembuatan polivinil klorida (PVC) dan poliakrilonitril.</li>
<li>Karbanion alkuna merupakan nukleofil yang sangat bagus dan bisa digunakan untuk menyerang senyawa karbonil dan alkil halida untuk melangsungkan reaksi adisi. Dengan demikian sangat penting untuk menambah panjang rantai senyawa organik</li>
</ol>
</span></b></h3>
<h3>
<b>Spektrum Alkuna</b></h3>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;"><h4>
<b>Spektrum NMR Alkuna</b></h4>
</span>Suatu alkuna dengan tipe RC≡CR tak mempunyai proton yang bersifat asetilenik. Dengan demikian alkuna yang bersubstitusi ganda tidak mempunyai absorpsi NMR yang khas (tetapi pada bagian lain dari molekul dapat menimbilkan absorpsi). Suatu alkuna substitusi tunggal, RC≡CH menunjukkan absorpsi untuk proton alkunil pada nilai δ sekitar 3 ppm. Absorpsi ini tidak sebawah medan seperti absorpsi untuk proton vinil atau aril, karena proton alkunil terperisai oleh medan imbasan ikatan ganda tiga.<br /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;"><h4>
<b>Spektrum IR Alkuna</b></h4>
Frekuensi uluran C≡C alkuna terjadi pada 2100-2250 cm<sup>-1</sup> (4,4-4,8 μm). Absorpsi ini sangat lemah dan mudah terbenam dalam bisingan (<i>crowded</i>) latar belakang spektrum. Namun tak ada gugus yang menyerap di daerah ini kecuali C≡N (gugus nitril) dan Si-H. Frekuensi uluran ≡C-H dijumpai pada kira-kira 3300 cm<sup>-1</sup> (3,0 μm)sebagai suatu <i>peak</i> yang tajam.<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></b></span><h3>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6838029397506534852.post-67156806730735511342013-07-12T00:46:00.005-07:002013-07-12T00:46:58.931-07:00pembuatan alkena<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;">Alkena dapat dibuat dengan menggunakan hidrokarbon yang berbeda seperti alkana dan alkunaataupun dengan haloalkana. Inilah pembahasan cara pembuatan alkena.</span></div>
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Dehidrohalogenasi Haloalkana</h3>
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Ketika haloalkana dipanaskan dengan larutan kalium hidroksida alkoholis, molekul hidrogen halida akan tereliminasi membentuk alkena.</div>
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<img alt="dehidrohalogenasi haloalkana" border="0" height="167" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwNs9Cp74bA_kOMiw5QJborKrcqTBYmCwy0bJKzWSnxcHVZy70nJN7FjI7hsk9d4Twm0Fn_JqS-ClW3kNa_wO8WHZd-6ah1kOUBQq0YKDoymwPtCxEQVVZOCj1QVphg5AP1PPwUZkv5Jw/s400/dehidrogenasi+haloalkana.JPG" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; cursor: move; max-width: 100%; width: auto;" title="dehidrohalogenasi haloalkana" width="400" /></div>
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<span class="content_highlight">>CH-C(X)< + :B <b>→</b> >C=C< + H:B + :X-</span></div>
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Reaksi tersebut dinamakan eliminasi-1,2 dengan hidrogen yang tereliminasi. Reaksi berlangsung dengan serangan basa seperti ion hidroksida pada alkena melepas hidrogen ke dalam air diikuti dengan pelepasan ion halida.</div>
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Reduksi Alkuna</h3>
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Reduksi alkuna dengan kehadiran natrium atau litium amonia menghasilkan trans-alkena. Untuk pembuatan cis-alkena dapat digunakan katalis Kindlar yang mengandung butiran paladium di antara karbon dan barium sulfat. Kedua reaksi sangat bagus dalam reaksi katalisis heterolitik.</div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><b><br /></b></span></span></span></span></h3>
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Dehalogenasi dihalida visinal</h3>
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Dihalida visinal terdehalogenasi membentuk alkena dengan adanya zink pada larutan alkoholis pada suhu tinggi.</div>
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Elektrolisis Kolbe</h3>
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Elektrolisis garam natrium atau kalium pada asam diprotik menghasilkan alkena. Ketika larutan garam natrium atau kalium asam diprotik terelektrolisis, maka alkena dapat diperoleh. Sebagai contoh, selama elektrolisis kalium suksinat, reaksi pada anoda akan melepaskan karbon dioksida dan etena.</div>
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Dehidrasi Alkohol</h3>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">Dehidrasi alkohol dengan adanya asam seperti asam fosfat akan menghasilkan alkena. Reagen yang lain untuk dehidrasi adalah alumina pada suhu 623K. Ketika alkohol menguap melewati alumina, maka akan terbentuk alkena. Alkena sekunder dan tersier terdehidrasi oleh katalis asam seperti asam sulfat pekat. Sebagai contoh, dehidrasi 2-propanol akan menghasilkan propena.</span></i></span></div>
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Reaksi Grignard dengan Vinil Halida</h3>
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Ketika vinil halida bereaksi dengan reagen Grignard, makan akan membentuk alkena yang lebih tinggi. Sebagai contoh, metil magnesium bromida membentuk propena dengan vinil bromida melalui reaksi substitusi.</div>
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CH<sub>3</sub>MgBr + BrCH=CH<sub>2</sub> → H<sub>3</sub>CH=CH<sub>2 </sub>+ MgBr<sub>2</sub></div>
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<i>Cracking</i></h3>
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Pemecahan molekul hidrokarbon dalan jumlah besar menjadi molekul hidrokarbon yang lebih kecil menggunakan suhu tinggi disebut proses <i>cracking</i>. Cracking C<sub>15</sub>H<sub>32</sub> membentuk campuran etena, propena, dan oktana.</div>
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C<sub>15</sub>H<sub>32</sub> → 2<b> </b>C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> + C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub> + C<sub>8</sub>H<sub>18</sub></div>
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Akhir-akhir ini zeolit digunakan untuk katalis untuk proses cracking. Zeolit adalah kompleks alumino silikat yang mengandung silikon, aluminium, dan oksigen.</div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6838029397506534852.post-25317521958355905472013-07-12T00:42:00.001-07:002013-07-12T00:42:22.485-07:00isomer chis-trans<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Dalam sebuah kasus khusus pada alkena dimana 2 atom karbon mempunyai 2 gugus yang sejenis, maka notasi cis-trans dapat dipakai. Jika gugus sejenis terletak pada tempat yang sama dari ikatan rangkap, maka disebut sebagai (cis-). Jika gugus sejenis terletak berseberangan, maka disebut sebagai (trans-).</div>
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<a class="image" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Cis-trans_example.svg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; color: #0645ad; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="128" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Cis-trans_example.svg/300px-Cis-trans_example.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Cis-trans_example.svg/450px-Cis-trans_example.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Cis-trans_example.svg/600px-Cis-trans_example.svg.png 2x" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; vertical-align: middle;" width="300" /></a></div>
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<a class="internal" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Cis-trans_example.svg" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-decoration: none;" title="Perbesar"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.22wmf8/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></a></div>
Perbedaan antara isomer <i style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">cis-</i> dan <i style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">trans-</i>. Kiri: cis-2-butena, kanan: trans-2-butena.</div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #444444; font-family: Arial, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;">Isomer sistem cis-trans adalah cara yang paling umum digunakan untuk menujukkan konfigurasi alkena. Cis mengandung pengertian bahwa substituen terletak pada bidang yang sama, sedangkan trans mengandung pengertian bahwa substituen terletak pada bidang yang berseberangan. Dengan sistem ini tidak lagi dijumpai keraguan isomer manakah yang diberi nama cis-2-butena dan manakah trans-3-heksena.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKDjBoZYaoxWYBDabmeyNhKMrzdIW5QhpNAcRiAOfLVf6bH5bAyw4cURB6GKg0Cx_klGdq0A_uwRhazU8QowWSr905kbwxCuBnASDvjSwC0LiTugxPuwS4wWkLfgSmZAOPEEdfady5XDE/s1600/cis-trans.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="color: #ea5402; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="isomer cis-trans alkena" border="0" height="140" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKDjBoZYaoxWYBDabmeyNhKMrzdIW5QhpNAcRiAOfLVf6bH5bAyw4cURB6GKg0Cx_klGdq0A_uwRhazU8QowWSr905kbwxCuBnASDvjSwC0LiTugxPuwS4wWkLfgSmZAOPEEdfady5XDE/s400/cis-trans.JPG" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; max-width: 100%; width: auto;" title="cis-trans" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />Untuk alkena yang lebih kompleks, orientasi atom-atom pada rantai utama menentukan apakah alkena termasuk cis atau trans. Misalnya, rumus struktur isomer cis-3,4-dimetil-2-pentena. Pada contoh ini, atom-atom karbon rantai utama nomor 1 dan 4 terletak pada sisi yang sama terhadap ikatan rangkap, sehingga diberi nama cis.<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNlS4xY2VlFTQFPZviwiJGuu1GMnOHkrAwHSNCeAw3Rc7C3gNTY9xXpJSccaWMj-467T4mwiJTXygZo5kFLESysakyrPwNrbFscSU2a_PhY2aPwz35oGaDE-sBPCj8lcQ_udRSXYPyp4Y/s1600/cis-trans+alkena.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="color: #222222; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="alkena cis-trans" border="0" height="145" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNlS4xY2VlFTQFPZviwiJGuu1GMnOHkrAwHSNCeAw3Rc7C3gNTY9xXpJSccaWMj-467T4mwiJTXygZo5kFLESysakyrPwNrbFscSU2a_PhY2aPwz35oGaDE-sBPCj8lcQ_udRSXYPyp4Y/s400/cis-trans+alkena.JPG" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; max-width: 100%; width: auto;" title="cis trans" width="209" /></a></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6838029397506534852.post-59821583156663626712013-07-12T00:39:00.003-07:002013-07-12T00:39:50.958-07:00tata nama alkena<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b>Alkena</b> atau <b>olefin</b> dalam kimia organik adalah hidrokarbon tak jenuh dengan sebuah ikatan rangkap dua antara atom karbon. <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Wade_1-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;">[1]</sup> Alkena asiklik yang paling sederhana, yang membentuk satu ikatan rangkap dan tidak berikatan dengan gugus fungsional manapun, maka akan membentuk suatu kelompokhidrokarbon dengan rumus umum <b>C<sub style="line-height: 1em;">n</sub>H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2n</sub></b>. <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-PAC1995_2-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;">[2]</sup></div>
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Alkena yang paling sederhana adalah etena atau etilena (C<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub>H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">4</sub>) Senyawa aromatik seringkali juga digambarkan seperti alkena siklik, tapi struktur dan ciri-ciri mereka berbeda sehingga tidak dianggap sebagai alkena.</div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Tata_nama">Tata nama</span></h2>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Tata_nama"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold;">Tatanama IUPAC</span></span></h2>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Tatanama_IUPAC"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal;">Untuk mengikuti tatanama IUPAC, maka seluruh alkena memiliki nama yang diakhiri <b>-ena</b>. Pada dasarnya, nama alkena diambil dari nama alkana dengan menggantikan akhiran <i>-ana</i> dengan <i>-ena</i>. C<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub>H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">6</sub> adalah alkana bernama etana sehingga C<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub>H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">4</sub> diberi nama etena.</span></span></h3>
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Pada alkena yang memiliki kemungkinan ikatan rangkap di beberapa tempat, digunakan penomoran dimulai dari ujung yang terdekat dengan ikatan tersebut sehingga atom karbon pada ikatan rangkap bernomor sekecil mungkin untuk membedakan isomernya. Contohnya adalah 1-heksena dan 2-heksena. Penamaan cabang sama dengan alkana.</div>
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Pada alkena yang lebih tinggi, dimana terdapat isomer yang letaknya berbeda dengan letak ikatan rangkap, maka sistem penomoran berikut ini dipakai:</div>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Penomoran rantai karbon terpanjang dilihat dari ujung yang terdekat dengan ikatan rangkap, sehingga atom karbon pada ikatan rangkap tersebut mempunyai nomor sekecil mungkin.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Ketahui letak ikatan rangkap dengan letak karbon rangkap pertamanya.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Penamaan rantai alkena itu mirip dengan alkana.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Beri nomor pada atom karbon, ketahui letak lokasi dan nama gugusnya, ketahui letak ikatan rangkap, lalu terakhir namai rantai utamanya.</li>
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Nama Trivial Alkena</h3>
Nama trivial adaah nama umum yang diberikan kepada beberapa struktur khusus alkena. Sebagai contoh, etena mempunyai nama trivial etilena; propena mempunyai nama trivial propilena; dan 2-metilpropena mempunyai nama trivial isobutilena.<br /><br />Ada juga nama gugus fungsi trivial alkena yang didasarkan pada kedudukan dan jumlah rantai alkena. Sebagai contoh gugus alkenil CH<sub>2</sub>= diberi nama metilena; gugus fungsi CH<sub>2</sub>=CH- diberi nama vinil; dan CH<sub>2</sub>=CH-CH<sub>2</sub> diberi nama alil</span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6838029397506534852.post-15217203751632320522013-07-10T17:54:00.001-07:002013-07-10T17:54:07.343-07:00manfaat dan bahaya alkana<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Penggunaan">Penggunaan</span></h2>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Penggunaan"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;">Penggunaan alkana sudah dapat diketahui dengan baik oleh manusia. Penggunaan alkana biasanya dikelompokkan berdasarkan jumlah atom karbonnya. Empat alkana pertama digunakan pada umumnya untuk keperluan memasak dan pemanasan, di beberapa negara juga sebagai sumber pembangkit listrik. Metana dan etana adalah komponen utama pada gas alam dan biasanya diangkut dalam bentuk cairan, dengan cara dikompresi terlebih dahulu dan gas didinginkan.</span></span></h2>
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Propana dan butana dapat dicairkan dengan tekanan rendah. Propana dan butana umum dijumpai pada elpiji dan juga dipakai sebagai propelan (zat pendorong) pada semprotan aerosol. Butana juga ditemukan pada pemantik rokok cair.</div>
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Dari pentana sampai oktana merupakan alkana yang berbentuk cairan. Alkana ini umum digunakan sebagai bahan bakar bensin untuk mesin mobil. Alkana rantai bercabang lebih diutamakan karena cenderung lebih tidak mudah tersulut daripada alkana rantai lurus. Bahan bakar yang mudah tersulut akan menimbulkan ketukan pada mesin yang dapat merusak mesin. Kualitas bahan bakar dapat diukur dengan bilangan oktan bahan bakar itu, dimana bilangan oktan ditentukan dari berapa persen kandungan 2,2,4-trimetilpentana(<i>isooktana</i>) pada bahan bakar (bahan bakar yang bilangan oktannya 98 berarti mengandung 98% isooktana, sisanya adalah heptana). Selain digunakan untuk bahan bakar, alkana-alkana ini juga dipakai sebagai pelarut untuk senyawa nonpolar.</div>
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Alkana dari nonana sampai heksadekana (16 atom karbon) merupakan alkana berbentuk cairan dengan viskositas yang lebih tinggi, dan tidak digunakan pada bensin. Alkana jenis ini biasanya digunakan pada bahan bakar diesel dan bahan bakar penerbangan. Kualitas bahan bakar diesel diesel dapat ditentukan dengan besarnya bilangan cetana (cetana adalah nama lama untuk heksadekana). Alkana jenis ini mempunyai titik didih yang tinggi, dan akan menyebabkan masalah jika suhu udara terlalu rendah, karena bahan bakar akan semakin mengental sehingga sulit mengalir.</div>
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Alkana dari heksadekana kebelakang biasanya merupakan komponen pada minyak bakar dan pelumas. Beberapa jenis alkana ini juga digunakan sebagai zat anti korosif karena sifatnya yang hidrofobik.</div>
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Alkana dengan jumlah karbon 35 atau lebih ditemukan pada bitumen (aspal) yang dipakai untuk melapisi jalan. Selain itu, karena nilainya juga rendah, maka alkana-alkana jenis ini biasanya dipecah menjadi alkana yang lebih kecil dengan metode <i>cracking</i>.</div>
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Beberapa polimer sintetis seperti polietilena dan polipropilena adalah alkana yang terdiri dari ratusan atom karbon. Material-material ini umumnya dikenal sebagai plastik dan setiap tahunnya diproduksi milyaran kilogram di dunia.</div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Transformasi_di_lingkungan">Transformasi di lingkungan</span></h2>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Transformasi_di_lingkungan"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;">Ketika dilepaskan ke lingkungan, alkana tidak akan mengalami biodegradasi yang cepat, karena alkana tidak memiliki gugus fungsi (seperti hidroksil atau karbonil) yang diperlukan oleh banyak organisme untuk memetabolisme senyawa ini.</span></span></h2>
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Meski begitu, ada beberapa bakteri yang dapat memetabolisme beberapa alkana dengan cara mengoksidasi atom karbon terminal. Hasilnya adalah alkohol, yang dapat dioksidasi lagi menjadi aldehida, dan dioksidasi lagi menjadi asam karboksilat. Hasil akhirnya yang berupa asam lemak dapat dimetabolisme melalui proses degradasi asam lemak.</div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Bahaya">Bahaya<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small; line-height: 13px;"> </span></span></h2>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Bahaya"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small; line-height: 13px;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;">Metana bersifat eksplosif (mudah meledak) ketika bercampur dengan udara (1 – 8% CH<sub style="line-height: 1em;">4</sub>). Alkana suku rendah lainnya juga mudah meledak apabila bercampur dengan udara. Alkana suku rendah yang berbentuk cairan sangat mudah terbakar. Pentana, heksana, heptana, dan oktana digolongkan sebagai senyawa yang <i>berbahaya bagi lingkungan</i> dan<i>beracun</i>. Isomer rantai lurus dari heksana bersifat neurotoksin. Alkana dengan halogen, seperti kloroform, juga dapat bersifat karsinogenik</span></span></h2>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6838029397506534852.post-66227957702054542292013-07-10T17:50:00.004-07:002013-07-10T17:50:46.992-07:00produksi alkana<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Produksi">Produksi<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"> <b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">ALKANA</span></b></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;"><h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Pengilangan_minyak">Pengilangan minyak</span></h3>
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Sebuah pengilangan minyak di Martinez,California.</div>
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Seperti sudah dikatakan sebelumnya, sumber alkana yang paling penting adalah gas alam dan minyak bumi.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-m.26b_4-5" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;">[4]</sup> Alkana dipisahkan di tempat pengilangan minyak dengan teknik distilasi fraksi dan diproses menjadi bermacam-macam produk, misalnya bensin, diesel, dan avtur..</div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Fischer-Tropsch">Fischer-Tropsch</span></h3>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Fischer-Tropsch"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal;">Proses Fischer-Tropsch adalah sebuah metode untuk mensintesis hidrokarbon cair, termasuk alkana, dari karbon dioksida dan hidrogen. Metode ini digunakan untuk memproduksi substitusi dari distilat minyak bumi.</span></span></h3>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Persiapan_laboratorium">Persiapan laboratorium</span></h3>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Persiapan_laboratorium"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal;">Sedikit sekali alkana yang dibuat dengan cara disintesis di laboratorium karena alkana biasanya dijual umum. Alkana juga merupakan senyawa yang non reaktif, baik secara biologi maupun kimia. Ketika alkana dibuat di laboratorium, biasanya alkana adalah produk samping dari reaksi. Sebagai contoh, penggunaan <i>n</i>-butillitium sebagai basa akan menghasilkan produk sampingan n-butana:</span></span></h3>
<dl style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;"><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;">C<sub style="line-height: 1em;">4</sub>H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">9</sub>Li + H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub>O → C<sub style="line-height: 1em;">4</sub>H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">10</sub> + LiOH</dd></dl>
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Alkana atau gugus alkil dapat dibuat dari alkil halida pada reaksi Corey-House-Posner-Whitesides. Deoksigenasi Barton-McCombie<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;">[7]</sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;">[8]</sup>akan memecah gugus hidroksil dari alkohol sehingga reaksinya akan berupa:</div>
<dl style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;"><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;"><img alt="Skema deoksigenasi Barton-McCombie" height="108" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Barton-McCombie_Deoxygenation_Scheme.svg/600px-Barton-McCombie_Deoxygenation_Scheme.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Barton-McCombie_Deoxygenation_Scheme.svg/900px-Barton-McCombie_Deoxygenation_Scheme.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Barton-McCombie_Deoxygenation_Scheme.svg/1200px-Barton-McCombie_Deoxygenation_Scheme.svg.png 2x" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="600" /></dd></dl>
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dan reduksi Clemmensen<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-9" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;">[9]</sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;">[10]</sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;">[11]</sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;">[12]</sup> akan memecah gugus karbonil dari aldehida dan keton untuk membentuk alkana atau senyawa dengan gugus alkil, misalnya:</div>
<dl style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;"><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;"><img alt="Reduksi Clemmensen" height="63" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Clemmensen_Reduction_Scheme.png/250px-Clemmensen_Reduction_Scheme.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Clemmensen_Reduction_Scheme.png/375px-Clemmensen_Reduction_Scheme.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Clemmensen_Reduction_Scheme.png/500px-Clemmensen_Reduction_Scheme.png 2x" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="250" /></dd></dl>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6838029397506534852.post-92130250782149376112013-07-10T17:47:00.003-07:002013-07-10T17:47:31.975-07:00sumber alkana<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Alkana_pada_alam_semesta">Alkana pada alam semesta</span></h3>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Alkana_pada_alam_semesta"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal;"></span></span></h3>
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Metana dan etana adalah salah satu komponen kecil dari atmosfer Yupiter.</div>
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<img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="165" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Oil_well.jpg/220px-Oil_well.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Oil_well.jpg/330px-Oil_well.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Oil_well.jpg/440px-Oil_well.jpg 2x" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /><div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;">
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Ekstraksi dari minyak bumi, yang mengandung banyak komponen hidrokarbon, termasuk alkana.</div>
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Alkana adalah senyawa yang terdapat pada sebagian kecil dari atmosfer beberapa planet seperti Yupiter (0.1% metana, 0.0002% etana),Saturnus (0.2% metana, 0.0005% etana), Uranus (1.99% metana, 0.00025% etana) dan Neptunus (1.5% metana, 1.5 ppm etana). Titan(1.6% metana), salah satu satelit dari Saturnus, telah diteliti oleh <i>Huygens</i> bahwa atmosfer Titan menurunkan hujan metana secara periodik ke permukaan bulan itu.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;">[5]</sup> Di Titan juga diketahui terdapat sebuah gunung yang menyemburkan gas metana, dan semburan gunung ini menyebabkan banyaknya metana pada atmosfer Titan. Selain itu, ditemukan oleh radar Cassini, terlihat juga ada beberapa danau metana/etana di kawasan kutub utara dari Titan. Metana dan etana juga diketahui terdapat pada bagian ekor dari kometHyakutake. Analisis kimia menunjukkan bahwa kelimpahan etana dan metana hampir sama banyak, dan hal itu menunjukkan bahwa es metana dan etana ini terbentuk di antara ruang antar bintang. <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-science_6-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;">[6]</sup></div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Alkana_di_bumi">Alkana di bumi</span></h3>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Alkana_di_bumi"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal;">Gas metana (sekitar 0.0001% atau 1 ppm) ada di atmosfer bumi, diproduksi olwh organisme macam Archaea dan juga ditemukan pada kotoran sapi.</span></span></h3>
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Sumber alkana yang paling penting adalah pada gas alam dan minyak bumi.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-m.26b_4-4" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;">[4]</sup> Gas alam mengandung metana dan etana, dengan sedikit propana dan butana, sedangkan minyak bumi adalah campuran dari alkana cair dan hidrokarbon lainnya. Hidrokarbon ini terbentuk dari jasad renik dan tanaman (zooplankton dan fitoplankton) yang mati, kemudian terkubur di lautan, tertutup oleh sedimentasi, dan berubah setelah terkena panas dan tekanan tinggi selama jutaan tahun. Gas alam terbentuk dari reaksi di bawah ini:</div>
<dl style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;"><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;">C<sub style="line-height: 1em;">6</sub>H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">12</sub>O<sub style="line-height: 1em;">6</sub> → 3CH<sub style="line-height: 1em;">4</sub> + 3CO<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub></dd></dl>
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Alkana yang berwujud padat dikenal sebagai tar. Tar terbentuk ketika senyawa alkana lain yang lebih ringan menguap dari deposit/sumber hidrokarbon. Salah satu deposit alkana padat alam terbesar di dunia adalah danau aspal yang dikenal dengan namaDanau Pitch di Trinidad dan Tobago.</div>
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Metana juga terdapat pada biogas yang diproduksi oleh hewan ternak. Biogas ini dapat menjadi sumber energi terbaharui di kemudian hari.</div>
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Alkana hampir tidak dapat bercampur dengan air, jadi kandungannya dalam air laut bisa dikatakan amat sedikit. Meski begitu, pada tekanan yang tinggi dan suhu rendah (seperti di dasar laut), metana dapat mengkristal dengan air untuk membentuk padatan metana hidrat. Meskipun saat ini padatan ini masih belum bisa dieksploitasi secara komersial, tapi energi pembakaran yang dihasilkan diperkirakan cukup besar. Maka dari itu, metana yang diekstraksi dari metana hidrat dapat dianggap sebagai bahan bakar masa depan.</div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Pada_bidang_biologi">Pada bidang biologi</span></h3>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Pada_bidang_biologi"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;">Bakteria dan archaea</span></span></h3>
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Archaea Metanogenik pada kotoran sapi ini menghasilkan metana yang terlepas ke atmosfer bumi.</div>
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Beberapa jenis archaea, misalnya metanogen, memproduksi metana dalam jumlah besar ketika memetabolisme karbon dioksida atau senyawa organik lainnya. Energi dilepas ketika pengoksidasian hidrogen:</div>
<dl style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;"><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;">CO<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub> + 4H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub> → CH<sub style="line-height: 1em;">4</sub> + 2H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub>O</dd></dl>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6838029397506534852.post-78385454584427616892013-07-10T17:44:00.003-07:002013-07-10T17:44:53.003-07:00isomer alkana<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 19px;">Isomerisasi dan reformasi</span></h3>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Isomerisasi_dan_reformasi"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal;">Isomerisasi dan reformasi ada proses pemanasan yang mengubah bentuk alkana rantai lurus dengan adanya katalis platinum. Pada isomerisasi, alkana rantai lurus menjadi alkana rantai bercabang. Pada reformasi, alkana rantai lurus berubah menjadi sikloalkana atau hidrokarbon aromatik, dengan hidrogen sebagai produk sampingan. Kedua proses ini akan meningkatkan bilangan oktan pada senyawa yang dihasilkan.</span></span></h3>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Cracking"><i>Crackin<span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 13px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">g</span></span></i></span></h3>
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<i>Cracking</i> akan memecah molekul besar menjadi molekul-molekul yang lebih kecil. Reaksi <i>cracking</i> dapat dilakukan dengan metode pemanasan atau dengan katalis. Metode<i>cracking</i> dengan pemanasan akan melibatkan mekanisme homolitik dengan pembentukan radikal bebas. Metode <i>cracking</i> dengan bantuan katalis biasanya melibatkan katalisasam, prosesnya akan menyebabkan pemecahan ikatan heterolitik dengan menghasilkan ion yang muatannya berbeda. Ion yang dihasilkan biasanya berupa karbokation dan anionhidrida yang tidak stabil.</div>
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Pengertian Isomer Struktur</h3>
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Senyawa-senyawa yang mempunyai rumus molekul sama tetapi rumus strukturnya berbeda (dalam hal terikatnya atom-atom dalam molekul) disebut isomer-isomer struktur.</div>
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<h3 style="text-align: justify;">
Contoh Isomer Struktur</h3>
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Misalnya alkana dengan rumus molekul C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>10</sub> mempunyai dua buah isomer struktur, yang masing-masing diberi nama butana dan 2-metilpropana (isobutana). Butana dan 2-metilpropana adalah dua senyawa yang berbeda strukturnya dan mempunyai sifat-sifat fisika dan kimia yang berbeda pula.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img alt="isomer struktur alkana" border="0" height="96" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwgXqpl2ChVRJVaOKSRrEJg-1X2vSXeUO7XHJQ-vkJY4af03X45Jjf1BCeHNczqweX19B1qWlZ49DKlQGoKOHODWPad0tWfsqf5JuS_vEws-OhlYxQnAHySku6XauQ89MyJ8C3BrS-DYg/s400/butana+2-metilpropana.PNG" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; max-width: 100%; width: auto;" title="isomer struktur" width="299" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 11px; text-align: center;">Rumus struktur butana (kiri) dan 2-metilpropana (kanan)</td></tr>
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Kemampuan atom-atom karbon membentuk ikatan yang kuat dan stabil dengan atom-atom karbon lain menghasilkan isomer-isomer struktur dengan jumlah yang sangat banyak. Alkana dengan rumus molekul C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>12</sub> mempunyai 3 isomer struktur, alkana dengan rumus molekul C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>22</sub> dan C<sub>25</sub>H<sub>52</sub>berturut-turut mempunyai 75 dan hampir 37 juta isomer struktur.</div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6838029397506534852.post-56759385372863507102013-07-10T17:41:00.001-07:002013-07-10T17:41:04.342-07:00ciri fisik alkana<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"></span><br />
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Ciri-ciri_fisik">Ciri-ciri fisik</span></h2>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Ciri-ciri_fisik"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold;">Tabel alkana</span></span></h2>
<table class="wikitable" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f9f9f9; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-collapse: collapse; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 1em; margin-top: 1em;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><b>Alkana</b></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><b>Rumus</b></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><b>Titik didih [°C]</b></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><b>Titik lebur [°C]</b></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><b>Massa jenis [g·cm<sup style="line-height: 1em;">3</sup>] (20 °C</b>)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Metana</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">CH<sub style="line-height: 1em;">4</sub></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">-162</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">-183</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">gas</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Etana</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">C<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub>H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">6</sub></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">-89</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">-172</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">gas</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Propana</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">C<sub style="line-height: 1em;">3</sub>H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">8</sub></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">-42</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">-188</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">gas</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Butana</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">C<sub style="line-height: 1em;">4</sub>H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">10</sub></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">0</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">-138</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">gas</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Pentana</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">C<sub style="line-height: 1em;">5</sub>H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">12</sub></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">36</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">-130</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">0.626 (cairan)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Heksana</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">C<sub style="line-height: 1em;">6</sub>H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">14</sub></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">69</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">-95</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">0.659 (cairan)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Heptana</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">C<sub style="line-height: 1em;">7</sub>H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">16</sub></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">98</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">-91</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">0.684 (cairan)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Oktana</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">C<sub style="line-height: 1em;">8</sub>H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">18</sub></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">126</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">-57</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">0.703 (cairan)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Nonana</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">C<sub style="line-height: 1em;">9</sub>H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">20</sub></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">151</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">-54</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">0.718 (cairan)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Dekana</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">C<sub style="line-height: 1em;">10</sub>H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">22</sub></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">174</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">-30</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">0.730 (cairan)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Undekana</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">C<sub style="line-height: 1em;">11</sub>H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">24</sub></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">196</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">-26</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">0.740 (cairan)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Dodekana</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">C<sub style="line-height: 1em;">12</sub>H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">26</sub></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">216</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">-10</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">0.749 (cairan)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Ikosana</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">C<sub style="line-height: 1em;">20</sub>H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">42</sub></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">343</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">37</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">padat</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Triakontana</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">C<sub style="line-height: 1em;">30</sub>H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">62</sub></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">450</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">66</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">padat</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Tetrakontana</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">C<sub style="line-height: 1em;">40</sub>H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">82</sub></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">525</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">82</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">padat</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Pentakontana</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">C<sub style="line-height: 1em;">50</sub>H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">102</sub></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">575</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">91</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">padat</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">Heksakontana</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">C<sub style="line-height: 1em;">60</sub>H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">122</sub></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">625</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">100</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">padat</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Titik_didih">Titik didih</span></h3>
<h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Titik_didih"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal;"></span></span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: transparent; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1.3em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;">
<div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 302px;">
<div class="thumbcaption" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;">
<img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="197" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Alkanschmelzundsiedepunkt.svg/300px-Alkanschmelzundsiedepunkt.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Alkanschmelzundsiedepunkt.svg/450px-Alkanschmelzundsiedepunkt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Alkanschmelzundsiedepunkt.svg/600px-Alkanschmelzundsiedepunkt.svg.png 2x" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="300" /><div class="magnify" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;">
<img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.22wmf8/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: white; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;" width="15" /></div>
Titik lebur (biru) dan titik didih (pink) pada 14 suku pertama<i>n</i>-alkana, dalam satuan °C.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">
Senyawa alkana mengalami gaya van der Waals di antara molekul-molekulnya. Semakin besar gaya van der Waals di antara molekul-molekulnya, maka semakin tinggi titik didihnya.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-m.26b_4-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;">[4]</sup></div>
<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">
Ada penentu lain untuk menentukan berapa kekuatan gaya van der Waals:</div>
<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">jumlah elektron yang mengelilingi molekul, yang jumlahnya akan meningkat seiring dengan berat molekul alkana</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">luas permukaan molekul</li>
</ul>
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Dengan temperatur dan tekanan standar, senyawa alkana dari CH<sub style="line-height: 1em;">4</sub> sampai C<sub style="line-height: 1em;">4</sub>H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">10</sub> berwujud gas; C<sub style="line-height: 1em;">5</sub>H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">12</sub> sampai C<sub style="line-height: 1em;">17</sub>H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">36</sub>berwujud cairan; dan C<sub style="line-height: 1em;">18</sub>H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">38</sub> ke atas berwujud padat. Karena titik didih alkana ditentukan oleh beratnya, maka bukanlah suatu hal yang aneh kalau titik didih alkana berbanding lurus dengan massa molekulnya. Titik didih alkana akan meningkat kira-kira 20–30 °C untuk setiap 1 atom karbon yang ditambahkan pada rantainya.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-m.26b_4-1" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;">[4]</sup></div>
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Alkana rantai lurus akan memiliki titik didih yang lebih tinggi daripada alkana rantai bercabang karena luas permukaan kontaknya lebih besar, maka gaya van der Waals antar molekul juga lebih besar. Contohnya adalah isobutana (2-metilpropana) yang titik didihnya -12 °C, dengan n-butana (butana), yang titik didihnya 0 °C. Contoh lainnya adalah 2,2-dimetilbutana yang bertitik didih 50 °C dan 2,3-dimetilbutana bertitik didih 58 °C.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-m.26b_4-2" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;">[4]</sup> Hal ini disebabkan karena 2 molekul 2,3-dimetilbutana dapat saling berikatan lebih baik daripada 2,2 dimetilbutana yang berbentuk salib.</div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Konduktivitas_dan_kelarutan">Konduktivitas dan kelarutan</span></h3>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Konduktivitas_dan_kelarutan"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal;">Alkana tidak menghasilkan listrik dan tidak dapat dipolarisasi oleh medan listrik. Untuk alasan ini mengapa alkana tidak membentuk ikatan hidrogen dan tidak dapat bercampur dengan pelarut polar seperti air.</span></span></h3>
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Kelarutan alkana pada pelarut nonpolar lumayan baik, ciri-ciri yang dikenal dengan nama lipofilisitas.</div>
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Massa jenis alkana akan bertambah seiring dengan bertambahnya jumlah atom karbon, tapi tetap akan lebih rendah dari massa jenis air. Maka, alkana akan berada di lapisan atas jika dicampur dengan air</div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6838029397506534852.post-25824514921912721342013-07-10T17:38:00.001-07:002013-07-10T17:38:25.885-07:00sifat kimia alkana<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Sifat-sifat_kimia">Sifat-sifat kimia</span></h2>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Sifat-sifat_kimia"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px;">Secara umum, alkana adalah senyawa yang reaktivitasnya rendah, karena ikatan C antar atomnya relatif stabil dan tidak mudah dipisahkan. Tidak seperti kebanyakan senyawa organik lainnya, senyawa ini tidak memiliki gugus fungsional.</span></span></h2>
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Senyawa alkana bereaksi sangat lemah dengan senyawa polar atau senyawa ion lainnya. Konstanta disosiasi asam (pK<sub style="line-height: 1em;">a</sub>) dari semua alkana nilainya diatas 60, yang berarti sulit untuk bereaksi dengan asam maupun basa (lihat karbanion). Pada minyak bumi, molekul-molekul alkana yang terkandung di dalamnya tidak mengalami perubahan sifat sama sekali selama jutaan tahun.</div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Reaksi_dengan_oksigen_.28reaksi_pembakaran.29">Reaksi dengan oksigen (reaksi pembakaran)</span></h3>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Reaksi_dengan_oksigen_.28reaksi_pembakaran.29"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal;">Semua alkana dapat bereaksi dengan oksigen pada reaksi pembakaran, meskipun pada alkana-alkana suku tinggi reaksi akan semakin sulit untuk dilakukan seiring dengan jumlah atom karbon yang bertambah. Rumus umum pembakaran adalah:</span></span></h3>
<dl style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;"><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;">C<sub style="line-height: 1em;"><i>n</i></sub>H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2<i>n</i>+2</sub> + (1.5<i>n</i>+0.5)O<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub> → (<i>n</i>+1)H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub>O + <i>n</i>CO<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub></dd></dl>
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Ketika jumlah oksigen tidak cukup banyak, maka dapat juga membentuk karbon monoksida, seperti pada reaksi berikut ini:</div>
<dl style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;"><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;">C<sub style="line-height: 1em;"><i>n</i></sub>H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">(2<i>n</i>+2)</sub> + <i>n</i>O<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub> → (<i>n</i>+1)H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub>O + <i>n</i>CO</dd></dl>
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Contoh reaksi, metana:</div>
<dl style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;"><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;">2CH<sub style="line-height: 1em;">4</sub> + 3O<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub> → 2CO + 4H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub>O</dd><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;">CH<sub style="line-height: 1em;">4</sub> + 1.5O<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub> → CO + 2H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub>O</dd></dl>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Reaksi_dengan_halogen">Reaksi dengan halogen</span></h3>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal;">Reaksi antara alkana dengan halogen disebut dengan reaksi "halogenasi radikal bebas". Atom hidrogen pada alkana akan secara bertahap digantikan oleh atom-atom halogen.Radikal bebas adalah senyawa yang ikut berpartisipasi dalam reaksi, biasanya menjadi campuran pada produk. Reaksi halogenasi merupakan reaksi eksotermik dan dapat menimbulkan ledakan.</span></h3>
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Reaksi ini sangat penting pada industri untuk menghalogenasi hidrokarbon. Ada 3 tahap:</div>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Inisiasi</b>: radikal halogen terbentuk melalui homolisis. Biasanya, diperlukan energi dalam bentuk panas atau cahaya.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Reaksi rantai</b> atau <b>Propagasi</b>: radikal halogen akan mengabstrak hidrogen dari alkana untuk membentuk radikal alkil.</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><b>Terminasi rantai</b>: tahap dimana radikal-radikal bergabung.</li>
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Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa semua reaksi halogenasi bisa menghasilkan semua campuran isomer yang berarti mengindikasikan atom hidrogen rentan terhadap reaksi. Atom hidrogen sekunder dan tersier biasanya akan tergantikan karena stablitas radikal bebas sekunder dan tersier lebih baik. Contoh dapat dilihat pada monobrominasi propana:<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-m.26b_4-3" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;">[4]</sup></div>
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<a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Monobromination_of_propane.png/500px-Monobromination_of_propane.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Monobrominasi propana" border="0" height="72" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Monobromination_of_propane.png/500px-Monobromination_of_propane.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Monobromination_of_propane.png/750px-Monobromination_of_propane.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Monobromination_of_propane.png/1000px-Monobromination_of_propane.png 2x" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="320" /></a></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6838029397506534852.post-67880112745792236372013-07-10T17:34:00.000-07:002013-07-10T17:34:51.635-07:00tata nama alkana<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b>Alkana</b> (juga disebut dengan <i>parafin</i>) adalah senyawa kimia hidrokarbon jenuh asiklis. Alkana termasuk senyawa alifatik. Dengan kata lain, alkana adalah sebuah rantai karbon panjang dengan ikatan-ikatan tunggal. Rumus umum untuk alkana adalah C<sub style="line-height: 1em;">n</sub>H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2n+2</sub>. Alkana yang paling sederhana adalah metana dengan rumus CH<sub style="line-height: 1em;">4</sub>. Tidak ada batasan berapa karbon yang dapat terikat bersama. Beberapa jenisminyak dan wax adalah contoh alkana dengan atom jumlah atom karbon yang besar, bisa lebih dari 10 atom karbon.</div>
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Setiap atom karbon mempunyai 4 ikatan (baik ikatan C-H atau ikatan C-C), dan setiap atom hidrogen mesti berikatan dengan atom karbon (ikatan H-C). Sebuah kumpulan dari atom karbon yang terangkai disebut juga dengan rumus kerangka. Secara umum, jumlah atom karbon digunakan untuk mengukur berapa besar ukuran alkana tersebut (contohnya: C<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub>-alkana).</div>
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Gugus alkil, biasanya disingkat dengan simbol R, adalah gugus fungsional, yang seperti alkana, terdiri dari ikatan karbon tunggal dan atom hidrogen, contohnya adalah metil atau gugus etil.</div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Alkana_siklik">Alkana siklik</span></h3>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal;">Sikloalkana adalah hidrokarbon yang seperti alkana, tapi rantai karbonnya membentuk cincin.</span></h3>
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Sikloalkana sederhana mempunyai awalan "siklo-" untuk membendakannya dari alkana. Penamaan sikloalkana dilihat dari berapa banyak atom karbon yang dikandungnya, misalnya siklopentana (C<sub style="line-height: 1em;">5</sub>H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">10</sub>) adalah sikloalkana dengan 5 atom karbon seperti pentana(C<sub style="line-height: 1em;">5</sub>H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">12</sub>), hanya saja pada siklopentana kelima atom karbonnya membentuk cincin. Hal yang sama berlaku untuk propana dan siklopropana, butana dan siklobutana, dll.</div>
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Sikloalkana substitusi dinamai mirip dengan alkana substitusi - cincin sikloalkananya tetap ada, dan substituennya dinamai sesuai dengan posisi mereka pada cincin tersebut, pemberian nomornya mengikuti aturan Cahn-Ingold-Prelog.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-reusch-nom_3-0" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;">[3]</sup></div>
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<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">TATA NAMA ALKANA</span></b></div>
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<b>Tata Nama IUPAC</b></div>
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Tata nama IUPAC untuk alkana didasarkan dari identifikasi rantai hidrokarbon. Rantai hidrokarbon tersaturasi, tidak bercabang maka dinamai sistematis dengan akhiran "-ana".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em;">[2]</sup></div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Rantai_karbon_lurus">Rantai karbon lurus</span></h3>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Rantai_karbon_lurus"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal;">Alkana rantai karbon lurus biasanya dikenali dengan awalan <i>n-</i> (singkatan dari <i>normal</i>) ketika tidak ada isomer. Meskipun tidak diwajibkan, tapi penamaan ini penting karena alkana rantai lurus dan rantai bercabang memiliki sifat yang berbeda. Misalnya <i>n</i>-heksana atau 2- atau 3-metilpentana.</span></span></h3>
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Anggota dari rantai lurus ini adalah:</div>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: justify;">Metana, CH<sub style="line-height: 1em;">4</sub> - 1 karbon dan 4 hidrogen</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: justify;">Etana, C<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub>H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">6</sub> - 2 karbon dan 6 hidrogen</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: justify;">Propana, C<sub style="line-height: 1em;">3</sub>H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">8</sub> - 3 karbon dan 8 hidrogen</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: justify;">Butana, C<sub style="line-height: 1em;">4</sub>H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">10</sub> - 4 karbon dan 10 hidrogen</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: justify;">pentana, C<sub style="line-height: 1em;">5</sub>H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">12</sub> - 5 karbon dan 12 hidrogen</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: justify;">heksana, C<sub style="line-height: 1em;">6</sub>H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">14</sub> - 6 carbon dan 14 hidrogen</li>
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Mulai dengan jumlah karbon mulai dari lima diberi nama dengan imbuhan jumlah yang ditentukan IUPAC diakhiri dengan -ana. Contohnya antara lain adalah pentana, heksana,heptana, dan oktana.</div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Rantai_karbon_bercabang">Rantai karbon bercabang</span></h3>
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<a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Isopentane-numbered-3D-balls.png/220px-Isopentane-numbered-3D-balls.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-align: justify;"><img alt="" border="0" class="thumbimage" height="170" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Isopentane-numbered-3D-balls.png/220px-Isopentane-numbered-3D-balls.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Isopentane-numbered-3D-balls.png/330px-Isopentane-numbered-3D-balls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Isopentane-numbered-3D-balls.png/440px-Isopentane-numbered-3D-balls.png 2x" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a></div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Rantai_karbon_bercabang"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal;"></span></span></h3>
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Model dari isopentana (nama umum) atau 2-metilbutana (nama sistematik IUPAC)</div>
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Untuk memberi nama alkana dengan rantai bercabang digunakan langkah-langkah berikut:</div>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: justify;">Cari rantai atom karbon terpanjang</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: justify;">Beri nomor pada rantai tersebut, dimulai dari ujung yang terdekat dengan cabang</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: justify;">Beri nama pada cabang-cabangnya</li>
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Nama alkana dimulai dengan nomor letak cabang, nama cabang, dan nama rantai utama. Contohnya adalah 2,2,4-trimetilpentana yang disebut juga isooktana. Rantai terpanjangnya adalah pentana, dengan tiga buah cabang metil (<i>trimetil</i>) pada karbon nomor 2, 2, dan 4.</div>
<table class="wikitable" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f9f9f9; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-collapse: collapse; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 1em; margin-top: 1em; text-align: justify;"><caption style="font-weight: bold; margin-left: inherit; margin-right: inherit;">Perbedaan tatanama untuk 3 isomer C<sub style="line-height: 1em;">5</sub>H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">12</sub></caption><tbody>
<tr><th style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f2f2f2; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em; text-align: center;">Nama umum/trivial</th><th style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f2f2f2; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em; text-align: center;"><i>n</i>-pentana</th><th style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f2f2f2; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em; text-align: center;">isopentana</th><th style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f2f2f2; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em; text-align: center;">neopentana</th></tr>
<tr><th style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f2f2f2; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em; text-align: center;">Nama IUPAC</th><th style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f2f2f2; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em; text-align: center;">pentana</th><th style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f2f2f2; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em; text-align: center;">2-metilbutana</th><th style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f2f2f2; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em; text-align: center;">2,2-dimetilpentana</th></tr>
<tr><th style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f2f2f2; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em; text-align: center;">Struktur</th><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><img alt="Pentane-2D-Skeletal.svg" height="41" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Pentane-2D-Skeletal.svg/120px-Pentane-2D-Skeletal.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Pentane-2D-Skeletal.svg/180px-Pentane-2D-Skeletal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Pentane-2D-Skeletal.svg/240px-Pentane-2D-Skeletal.svg.png 2x" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="120" /></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><img alt="Isopentane-2D-skeletal.png" height="56" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Isopentane-2D-skeletal.png/90px-Isopentane-2D-skeletal.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Isopentane-2D-skeletal.png/135px-Isopentane-2D-skeletal.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Isopentane-2D-skeletal.png/180px-Isopentane-2D-skeletal.png 2x" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="90" /></td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;"><img alt="Neopentane-2D-skeletal.png" height="59" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Neopentane-2D-skeletal.png/70px-Neopentane-2D-skeletal.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Neopentane-2D-skeletal.png/105px-Neopentane-2D-skeletal.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Neopentane-2D-skeletal.png/140px-Neopentane-2D-skeletal.png 2x" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" width="70" /></td></tr>
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Nama-nama trivial</h3>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Nama-nama_trivial"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal;">Nama trivial (non-IUPAC) dari alkana adalah "parafin." Nama trivial dari senyawa-senyawa ini biasanya diambil dari artefak-artefak sejarah. Nama trivial digunakan sebelum ada nama sistematik, dan sampai saat ini masih digunakan karena penggunaannya familier di industri.</span></span></h3>
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Dapat hampir dipastikan kalau nama parafin diambil dari industri petrokimia. Alkana rantai bercabang disebut <i>isoparafin</i>. Penggunaan kata "paraffin" untuk sebutan secara umum dan seringkali tidak membedakan antara senyawa murni dan campuran isomer dengan rumus kimia yang sama.</div>
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Beberapa nama ini dipertahankan oleh IUPAC</div>
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<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: justify;">Isobutana untuk 2-metilpropana</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: justify;">Isopentana untuk 2-metilbutana</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: justify;">Isooktana untuk 2,2,4-trimetilpentana</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: justify;">Neopentana untuk 2,2-dimetilpropana</li>
</ul>
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</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6838029397506534852.post-45308956919739295912013-07-10T01:54:00.002-07:002013-07-10T01:54:47.769-07:00termikimia :hukum hess<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"><b>Hukum Hess</b> adalah sebuah hukum dalam kimia fisik untuk ekspansi Hess dalam siklus Hess. Hukum ini digunakan untuk memprediksi perubahan entalpi dari hukum kekekalan energi (dinyatakan sebagai fungsi keadaan ΔH).<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; line-height: normal;"></span></span><br />
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<a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Hess_cycle.svg/200px-Hess_cycle.svg.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Hess_cycle.svg/200px-Hess_cycle.svg.png" /></a></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;">Menurut hukum Hess, karena entalpi adalah fungsi keadaan, perubahan entalpi dari suatu reaksi kimia adalah sama, walaupun langkah-langkah yang digunakan untuk memperolehproduk berbeda. </span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;">Gambar 1.1 gambar visual dari hukum Hess dalam reaksi.<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;">entalpi,</span></span></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;">Dengan kata lain, hanya keadaan awal dan akhir yang berpengaruh terhadap perubahan<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 15px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;"> bukan langkah-langkah yang dilakukan untuk mencapainya.</span></span></span><br />
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Hal ini menyebabkan perubahan entalpi suatu reaksi dapat dihitung sekalipun tidak dapat diukur secara langsung. Caranya adalah dengan melakukan operasi aritmatika pada beberapa persamaan reaksi yang perubahan entalpinya diketahui. Persamaan-persamaan reaksi tersebut diatur sedemikian rupa sehingga penjumlahan semua persamaan akan menghasilkan reaksi yang kita inginkan. Jika suatu persamaan reaksi dikalikan (atau dibagi) dengan suatu angka, perubahan entalpinya juga harus dikali (dibagi). Jika persamaan itu dibalik, maka tanda perubahan entalpi harus dibalik pula (yaitu menjadi <b>-</b>ΔH).</div>
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Selain itu, dengan menggunakan hukum Hess, nilai ΔH juga dapat diketahui dengan pengurangan entalpi pembentukan produk-produk dikurangi entalpi pembentukan reaktan. Secara matematis</div>
<dl style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;"><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;"><img alt="\Delta H^\theta = \Sigma(\Delta H_{f~produk}^\theta ) - \Sigma(\Delta H_{f~reaktan}^\theta)" class="tex" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/2/b/5/2b50be410cb51a2a4c7c8ccbe215fd83.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" />.</dd></dl>
<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">
Untuk reaksi-reaksi lainnya secara umum</div>
<dl style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;"><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;"><img alt="\Delta H^\theta = \Sigma(\Delta H_{products}^\theta ) - \Sigma(\Delta H_{reactants}^\theta)" class="tex" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/4/6/6/466667c3736ae484cd95c5804507cba5.png" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;" />.</dd></dl>
<h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Kegunaan">Kegunaan</span></h2>
<h2 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Kegunaan"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; line-height: 24px;">Hukum Hess menyatakan bahwa perubahan entalpi keseluruhan dari suatu proses hanya tergantung pada keadaan awal dan akhir reaksi, dan tidak tergantung kepada rute atau langkah-langkah diantaranya. Dengan mengetahui ΔH<sub style="line-height: 1em;">f</sub> (perubahan entalpi pembentukan) dari reaktan dan produknya, dapat diramalkan perubahan entalpi reaksi apapun, dengan rumus</span></span></h2>
<dl style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;"><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;">
<dl style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;"><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;">ΔH=ΔH<sub style="line-height: 1em;">f</sub>P-ΔH <sub style="line-height: 1em;">f</sub>R</dd></dl>
</dd></dl>
<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">
Perubahan entalpi suatu reaksi juga dapat diramalkan dari perubahan entalpi pembakaran reaktan dan produk, dengan rumus</div>
<dl style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;"><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;">
<dl style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;"><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;">ΔH=-ΔH<sub style="line-height: 1em;">c</sub>P+ΔH<sub style="line-height: 1em;">c</sub>R</dd></dl>
</dd></dl>
<h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Contoh_umum">Contoh umum</span></h3>
<h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Contoh_umum"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal; line-height: 24px;">Contoh tabel yang digunakan untuk menerapkan hukum Hess</span></span></h3>
<table class="wikitable" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f9f9f9; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-collapse: collapse; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 1em; margin-top: 1em;"><tbody>
<tr><th style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f2f2f2; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em; text-align: center;">Zat</th><th style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f2f2f2; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em; text-align: center;">ΔH<sub style="line-height: 1em;">f</sub><sup style="line-height: 1em;">ɵ</sup> /KJ.mol<sup style="line-height: 1em;">-1</sup></th></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">CH<sub style="line-height: 1em;">4</sub> (g)</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">-75</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">O<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub> (g)</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">0</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">CO<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub> (g)</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">-394</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub>O (l)</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.2em;">-286</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">
Dengan menggunakan data entalpi pembentukan di atas dapat diketahui perubahan entalpi untuk reaksi-reaksi dibawah ini:</div>
<dl style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;"><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;">
<dl style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;"><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;">CH<sub style="line-height: 1em;">4</sub><sub style="line-height: 1em;">(g)</sub>+2O<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub><sub style="line-height: 1em;">(g)</sub> → CO<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub><sub style="line-height: 1em;">(g)</sub> + 2H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub>O<sub style="line-height: 1em;">(l)</sub></dd></dl>
</dd><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;">ΔH<sub style="line-height: 1em;">c</sub><sup style="line-height: 1em;">ɵ</sup>+-75+0=-394+2x-286</dd><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;">ΔH<sub style="line-height: 1em;">c</sub><sup style="line-height: 1em;">ɵ</sup>-75=-966</dd><dd style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;">ΔH<sub style="line-height: 1em;">c</sub><sup style="line-height: 1em;">ɵ</sup>=-891KJ.mol<sup style="line-height: 1em;">-1</sup></dd></dl>
<h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Contoh_lainnya">Contoh lainnya</span></h3>
<h3 style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: initial; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.5em;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Contoh_lainnya"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal; line-height: 24px;">Jika diketahui:</span></span></h3>
<blockquote>
<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">B<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub>O<sub style="line-height: 1em;">3</sub>(s) + 3H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub>O(g) → 3O<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub>(g) + B<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub>H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">6</sub>(g) ΔH = +2035 kJ</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub>O(l) → H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub>O(g) ΔH = +44 kJ</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub>(g) + (1/2)O<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub>(g) → H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub>O(l) ΔH = -286 kJ</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">2B(s) + 3H*2B(s) + (3/2)O<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub>(g) → B<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub>O<sub style="line-height: 1em;">3</sub>(s)</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">
Persamaan-persamaan reaksi di atas (berikut perubahan entalpinya) dikalikan dan/atau dibalik sedemikian rupa:</div>
<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">B<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub>H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">6</sub>(g) + 3O<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub>(g) → B<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub>O<sub style="line-height: 1em;">3</sub>(s) + 3H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub>O(g) ΔH = -2035 kJ</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">3H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub>O(g) → 3H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub>O(l) ΔH = -132 kJ</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">3H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub>O(l) → 3H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub>(g) + (3/2)O<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub>(g) ΔH = +858 kJ</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">2B(s) + 3H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub>(g) → B<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub>H<sub style="line-height: 1em;">6</sub>(g) ΔH = +36 kJ</li>
</ul>
<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">
Sehingga penjumlahan persamaan-persamaan di atas akan menghasilkan</div>
<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">2B(s) + (3/2)O<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub>(g) → B<sub style="line-height: 1em;">2</sub>O<sub style="line-height: 1em;">3</sub>(s) ΔH = -1273 kJ</li>
</ul>
<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">
Konsep dari hukum Hess juga dapat diperluas untuk menghitung perubahan fungsi keadaan lainnya, seperti entropi dan energi bebas. Kedua aplikasi ini amat berguna karena besaran-besaran tersebut sulit atau tidak bisa diukur secara langsung, sehingga perhitungan dengan hukum Hess digunakan sebagai salah satu cara menentukannya.</div>
<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">
Untuk perubahan entropi:</div>
<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">ΔS<sup style="line-height: 1em;">o</sup> = Σ(ΔS<sub style="line-height: 1em;">f</sub><sup style="line-height: 1em;">o</sup><sub style="line-height: 1em;">produk</sub>) - Σ(ΔS<sub style="line-height: 1em;">f</sub><sup style="line-height: 1em;">o</sup><sub style="line-height: 1em;">reaktan</sub>)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">ΔS = Σ(ΔS<sup style="line-height: 1em;">o</sup><sub style="line-height: 1em;">produk</sub>) - Σ(ΔS<sup style="line-height: 1em;">o</sup><sub style="line-height: 1em;">reaktan</sub>).</li>
</ul>
<div style="line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;">
Untuk perubahan energi bebas:</div>
<ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/Monobook-bullet.png); list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">ΔG<sup style="line-height: 1em;">o</sup> = Σ(ΔG<sub style="line-height: 1em;">f</sub><sup style="line-height: 1em;">o</sup><sub style="line-height: 1em;">produk</sub>) - Σ(ΔG<sub style="line-height: 1em;">f</sub><sup style="line-height: 1em;">o</sup><sub style="line-height: 1em;">reaktan</sub>)</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">ΔG = Σ(ΔG<sup style="line-height: 1em;">o</sup><sub style="line-height: 1em;">produk</sub>) - Σ(ΔG<sup style="line-height: 1em;">o</sup><sub style="line-height: 1em;">reaktan</sub>).</li>
</ul>
</div>
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